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摘要： 多词动词是固定的词组，是较为特殊的语言现象，在形式上是固定的，在意义上是整体的。多词动词在语法结构和含义上都可能会使初学者产生疑惑，如果望文生义，就有可能会闹出笑话。本文对多词动词的构成和用法作了分析。
关键词： 多词动词构成用法
语言学家McCathy（1990）指出，不管一个人的语法学得多好，不管他的语音有多动听，如果他没有足够的词汇表达自己的感情并理解对方的观点和想法，就无法用这门语言同别人交流。可见词汇在外语教学中起着非常重要的作用，然而中学生在英语词汇学习过程中会碰到许多的多词动词，这使学生的英语学习存在一定的难度。语法学家R.Quirk于1985年首次提出了多词动词的概念，英语的多词动词具体表现为“动词 介词”、“动词 副词小品词”、“动词 副词小品词 介词”等固定搭配词组。一般词组和语句应根据具体的需要临时组合而成，而多词动词是固定的词组，是较为特殊的语言现象，在形式上是固定的，在意义上是整体的，同一种搭配往往表示多种意义，如：
The school has set up a special class to help poor readers.
学校为阅读能力差的学生设立了特殊的课。
Let’s set up the tent first，and build the fire later.
让我们先把帐篷搭起来再生火。
The wet weather sets up the ache in my old wound.
潮湿的天气引起了我旧伤的疼痛。
I didn’t want to set up as better than anyone else.
我不想自认为比其他任何人优秀。
从上面的例子里我们可以看到，多词动词在语法结构和含义上都可能会使初学者产生疑惑，如果望文生义，有可能会闹出笑话。下面，我归纳和分析了英语多词动词在中学阶段的几种常用类型和用法。
1.二词词组
1.1及物动词 副词
Have you picked out the movie you want to see？
你选好了想看的电影了吗？
He took off his coat after entering the house.
进屋之后他脱掉了外套。
The students are giving out the leaflets in the street.
学生正在街上分发传单。
“及物动词 副词”构成的多词动词都可用于被动语态。如：
Mary and John took out a marriage license.
A marriage was taken out by Mary and John.
玛丽和约翰领取了结婚证。
The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.
A sweet fragrance was given off by the flowers.
这些花散发出甜甜的香味。
该类动词的宾语可放在词组后，也可放在动词与副词之间。如：
He phoned me and called off the appointment.
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他打电话给我取消了约会。
若宾语是代词，则放在动词与副词之间。如：
We were going to give a dance，but decided to called it off.
我们本来准备要跳舞的，后来决定取消了。
1.2不及物动词 副词
Tom ran away from school to play computer games that afternoon.
汤姆那天下午逃学去玩电脑游戏了。
She was going to lie down for a while after lunch，she said.
她说午饭后她想躺一会。
有些“动词 副词”的词组既可作为及物动词，又可以作为不及物动词。如：
The news cheered him up.
那条消息让他高兴了起来。
On hearing the good news，everyone cheered up.
听到这个好消息，每个人都受到鼓舞。
1.3不及物动词 介词
Don’t you worry.I can look after myself.
你别担心，我能自己照顾自己的。
It’s impolite to laugh at the person who is in trouble.
嘲笑一个陷入困境的人是不礼貌的。
This soup consists of tomatoes，meat and peas.
这汤里有西红柿，肉和豌豆。
此类“不及物动词 介词”所构成的多词动词，相当于一个及物动词，其后接名词或代词担任宾语。如：
I’ve looked for my mobile phone everywhere in the room，but I can’t find it.
I can’t find my mobile phone though I’ve looked for it everywhere in the room.
我找遍了房里所有的地方，但没有发现我的手机。
He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting.
他看了一下信封认出了是他叔叔的笔迹。
此类动词大多可变换成被动语态。变换时需将短语动词看做不可分割的整体。如：
I wish he would arrive at some conclusion.
I wish some conclusion would be arrived at by him.
我希望他能得出一些结论。
You can’t rely on his assistance.
His assistance can’t be relied on.
你无法指望他的帮助。
1.4动词 名词
What took place last night？
昨晚发生了什么事？
You must take action right now.
你必须立刻采取行动。
此类动词有时也可作被动语态。如：
I don’t think the point had ever been made before.
我认为这个观点以前没有被提出过。
2.三词词组
2.1不及物动词 副词 介词
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
我期待着收到你的来信。
He can’t catch up with his classmates.
他跟不上他的同学。
I’ve run out of money.
我的钱用完了。
该结构的动词大多可构成被动语态。如：
We must keep this material away from fire.
This material must be kept away from fire.
关键词： 多词动词构成用法
语言学家McCathy（1990）指出，不管一个人的语法学得多好，不管他的语音有多动听，如果他没有足够的词汇表达自己的感情并理解对方的观点和想法，就无法用这门语言同别人交流。可见词汇在外语教学中起着非常重要的作用，然而中学生在英语词汇学习过程中会碰到许多的多词动词，这使学生的英语学习存在一定的难度。语法学家R.Quirk于1985年首次提出了多词动词的概念，英语的多词动词具体表现为“动词 介词”、“动词 副词小品词”、“动词 副词小品词 介词”等固定搭配词组。一般词组和语句应根据具体的需要临时组合而成，而多词动词是固定的词组，是较为特殊的语言现象，在形式上是固定的，在意义上是整体的，同一种搭配往往表示多种意义，如：
The school has set up a special class to help poor readers.
学校为阅读能力差的学生设立了特殊的课。
Let’s set up the tent first，and build the fire later.
让我们先把帐篷搭起来再生火。
The wet weather sets up the ache in my old wound.
潮湿的天气引起了我旧伤的疼痛。
I didn’t want to set up as better than anyone else.
我不想自认为比其他任何人优秀。
从上面的例子里我们可以看到，多词动词在语法结构和含义上都可能会使初学者产生疑惑，如果望文生义，有可能会闹出笑话。下面，我归纳和分析了英语多词动词在中学阶段的几种常用类型和用法。
1.二词词组
1.1及物动词 副词
Have you picked out the movie you want to see？
你选好了想看的电影了吗？
He took off his coat after entering the house.
进屋之后他脱掉了外套。
The students are giving out the leaflets in the street.
学生正在街上分发传单。
“及物动词 副词”构成的多词动词都可用于被动语态。如：
Mary and John took out a marriage license.
A marriage was taken out by Mary and John.
玛丽和约翰领取了结婚证。
The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.
A sweet fragrance was given off by the flowers.
这些花散发出甜甜的香味。
该类动词的宾语可放在词组后，也可放在动词与副词之间。如：
He phoned me and called off the appointment.
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他打电话给我取消了约会。
若宾语是代词，则放在动词与副词之间。如：
We were going to give a dance，but decided to called it off.
我们本来准备要跳舞的，后来决定取消了。
1.2不及物动词 副词
Tom ran away from school to play computer games that afternoon.
汤姆那天下午逃学去玩电脑游戏了。
She was going to lie down for a while after lunch，she said.
她说午饭后她想躺一会。
有些“动词 副词”的词组既可作为及物动词，又可以作为不及物动词。如：
The news cheered him up.
那条消息让他高兴了起来。
On hearing the good news，everyone cheered up.
听到这个好消息，每个人都受到鼓舞。
1.3不及物动词 介词
Don’t you worry.I can look after myself.
你别担心，我能自己照顾自己的。
It’s impolite to laugh at the person who is in trouble.
嘲笑一个陷入困境的人是不礼貌的。
This soup consists of tomatoes，meat and peas.
这汤里有西红柿，肉和豌豆。
此类“不及物动词 介词”所构成的多词动词，相当于一个及物动词，其后接名词或代词担任宾语。如：
I’ve looked for my mobile phone everywhere in the room，but I can’t find it.
I can’t find my mobile phone though I’ve looked for it everywhere in the room.
我找遍了房里所有的地方，但没有发现我的手机。
He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting.
他看了一下信封认出了是他叔叔的笔迹。
此类动词大多可变换成被动语态。变换时需将短语动词看做不可分割的整体。如：
I wish he would arrive at some conclusion.
I wish some conclusion would be arrived at by him.
我希望他能得出一些结论。
You can’t rely on his assistance.
His assistance can’t be relied on.
你无法指望他的帮助。
1.4动词 名词
What took place last night？
昨晚发生了什么事？
You must take action right now.
你必须立刻采取行动。
此类动词有时也可作被动语态。如：
I don’t think the point had ever been made before.
我认为这个观点以前没有被提出过。
2.三词词组
2.1不及物动词 副词 介词
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
我期待着收到你的来信。
He can’t catch up with his classmates.
他跟不上他的同学。
I’ve run out of money.
我的钱用完了。
该结构的动词大多可构成被动语态。如：
We must keep this material away from fire.
This material must be kept away from fire.