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目的探讨长期暴露于坦克舱室噪声作业环境对坦克乘员听力的影响。方法选取某部队208名职业性坦克乘员作为观察组,并在同一部队选取80名不接触坦克噪声环境的健康战士作为对照组。采用TES 1352H型声级计检测工作环境噪声强度,并对2组人员进行纯音测听检查。结果观察组作业环境等效A声级噪声强度为(102.2±0.2)dB,显著高于对照组(57.0±0.1)dB(P<0.01);对照组与观察组中观察对象分别占31.2%和41.3%,听力损伤的发生率很低(低于1%),且2组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组在高频段4 kHz及6 kHz听阈位移显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组不同军龄段中,>5～8年军龄乘员在高频段4 kHz及6 kHz听阈位移最大,且显著高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组不同坦克作业岗位中,车长在高频段4 kHz及6 kHz听阈位移最大,且显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论坦克作业乘员听力受到一定程度的影响,尤其在高频段4 kHz及6 kHz的听力损伤最严重。
Objective To investigate the effect of long-term exposure to tank cabin noise on the hearing of tank crew. Methods A total of 208 professional tank crew members of a certain unit were selected as the observation group and 80 healthy soldiers who were not exposed to tank noise were selected as the control group in the same unit. The TES 1352H sound level meter was used to measure the noise intensity in the working environment and pure tone audiometry was conducted on the two groups. Results The noise level of the equivalent A-sound level in the working environment of the observation group was (102.2 ± 0.2) dB, significantly higher than that of the control group (57.0 ± 0.1) dB (P <0.01). The observed objects in the control group and the observation group accounted for 31.2% 41.3%, the incidence of hearing impairment was very low (less than 1%), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The hearing thresholds of the observation group at 4 kHz and 6 kHz in the high frequency band were significantly higher than those in the control group P <0.05, P <0.01). In the different age groups in the observation group, the shift of hearing threshold of military-aged occupants> 5 to 8 years at 4 kHz and 6 kHz in the high frequency band was the highest and significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01) In the tank operation, the driver’s head showed the largest shift in the high frequency band at 4 kHz and 6 kHz, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion The hearing effect of tank crew members is affected to a certain extent, especially in 4 kHz and 6 kHz in high frequency.