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目的了解空巢老人的心理健康状况,提高其生活质量。方法对上海市青浦区华新镇确定为空巢老人者采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和空巢老人一般状况调查表进行心理症状测定,并与正常人SCL-90常模进行对照。结果 112例空巢老人53例为阳性(阳性率为47.32%)。SCL-90阳性项目的平均得分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分均高于常模(P<0.05)。空巢老人敌对、偏执因子得分均显著低于常模(P<0.05);躯体化、人际关系、恐怖因子得分均显著高于常模(P<0.05)。不同性别、月均收入、是否饮酒、婚姻状况、探望频率以及期盼的养老方式的SCL-90总得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视,躯体化、人际关系及恐怖因子对于调节空巢老人心理健康非常重要。需要个人、家庭、社会共同合作建立完善的老年特色的医疗服务体系,探索出科学合理的养老模式,真正实现健康老龄化,改善空巢老人生活质量。
Objective To understand the mental health of empty nesters and improve their quality of life. Methods The psychological symptoms were measured by SCL-90 and the general condition questionnaire of empty-nesters in Huaxin Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, and compared with normal SCL-90 norm. Results 112 cases of empty nest elderly were positive for 53 cases (positive rate was 47.32%). The average score, total score, number of positive items and positive symptoms of SCL-90 positive items were all higher than those of the normal ones (P <0.05). The scores of hostile and paranoid factors of empty-nesters were significantly lower than those of norm (P <0.05). The scores of somatization, interpersonal relationship and terrorist factors were significantly higher than those of norm (P <0.05). The total score of SCL-90 in different genders, average monthly income, drinking, marital status, frequency of visits and expected retirement patterns were significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion The mental health problems of empty-nesters can not be ignored. Somatization, interpersonal relationship and terrorist factors are very important for regulating mental health of empty-nesters. We need individuals, families and society to work together to establish a sound old-age medical service system, explore a scientific and reasonable pension model, and truly achieve healthy aging and improve the quality of life of empty-nesters.