小儿骨关节感染一旦诊断明确,即应及时治疗。全身应用抗生素和局部手术引流是必不可少的重要手段。在抗生素间世以前,小儿骨关节感染的发病率和死亡率均甚高,尽管及时切开引流,预后仍很差。随着抗生素的出现和更新,本病的治疗大为改观,成活率明显增高。对于小儿骨关节感染,无论是否手术,均须尽早投以强有力的抗生素治疗,但抗生素的选择具有较大的可变性。近15年来,小儿骨关节感染的病原学发生了显著变化。尽管金色葡萄球菌仍是最常见的致病菌,但绿脓杆菌和流感嗜血杆菌正在增多。化脓性链球菌已成为新生儿骨骼感染的主要致病菌。厌氧菌感染亦为人们所 Once the diagnosis of bone and joint infections in children, that should be treated promptly. Systemic use of antibiotics and local drainage is an essential means of drainage. In the world before the antibiotic, the incidence of osteoarthritis and mortality in children are very high, despite the timely incision and drainage, the prognosis is still poor. With the emergence and update of antibiotics, the treatment of the disease greatly improved survival rate was significantly higher. For children with bone and joint infections, whether or not surgery, must be cast as soon as possible a strong antibiotic treatment, but the choice of antibiotics with greater variability. In the past 15 years, there have been significant changes in the etiology of bone and joint infections in children. Although Staphylococcus aureus is still the most common pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae are on the rise. Streptococcus pyogenes has become the main pathogen of neonatal bone infections. Anaerobic infections are also people’s