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以江西省上高县2013、2014年连片超高产攻关方种植的籼粳杂交稻甬优538和甬优2640为材料,对超高产群体(>10.50t·hm~(-2))与高产群体(9.75~10.50t·hm~(-2))的产量结构及其群体生长特征进行了系统比较。结果表明:与高产群体相比,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高,主要为每穗颖花数极显著提高;群体茎蘖数在生育前期增长缓慢,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达到穗数,高峰苗数量少,成穗率略高;群体叶面积指数动态与茎蘖动态趋势基本一致,最大叶面积指数出现在孕穗期,成熟期仍保持在3.5左右;群体光合势与干物质积累在生长前期与生长中期与高产群体相当,后期则显著提高;抽穗期以后超高产群体干物质积累比例、群体生长率、净同化率、根系活力均较高。超高产群体起点质量略高,能够及时够苗,生长中后期光合生产能力强,物质积累多,根系发达。通过较大穗型和足量穗数形成显著较高的群体颖花量是双季晚稻籼粳杂交稻群体获得超高产的基本途径。
In this study, the hybrid rice “Yongyou 538” and “Yongyou 2640”, which were planted in the high yielding contiguous breeds in 2013 and 2014 in Shanggao County of Jiangxi Province, was used to study the effects of high yielding (> 10.50t · hm -2) The population structure (9.75 ~ 10.50 t · hm -2) and its population growth characteristics were systematically compared. The results showed that the total amount of spikelet of super-high-yielding population was significantly higher than that of high-yielding population, and the number of spikelet per spike was significantly increased. The number of tillering of the population increased slowly at the early growth period until the critical leaf age of effective tillering reached The number of spikes, the number of peak seedlings and the percentage of spikelets were slightly higher. The trend of leaf area index was basically the same as that of stems and tillers. The maximum leaf area index appeared at booting stage and remained about 3.5 at maturity. The photosynthetic potential and dry matter Accumulation in early growth and mid-growth stages was comparable to that in high-yielding groups, but increased significantly in late-stage. After heading, the proportion of dry matter accumulation, population growth rate, net assimilation rate and root vigor were all higher in super-high-yielding population. The starting point of the high-yielding population is slightly higher quality, which can timely enough seedlings, strong photosynthetic production in the middle and late growth period, more material accumulation and developed roots. It was the basic pathway for double-crop late-season indica japonica hybrid rice to achieve super-high yield through the formation of significantly higher population spikelets with larger panicles and enough spikes.