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综合运用实验室模拟土埋、缸法埋置、微生物培养和脂肪酶催化水解等方法,对蓖麻油基泡沫塑料及其树脂材料的生物降解性能开展了系统研究,试图揭示此类材料生物降解过程的分子机制.土埋降解实验前后的分子结构表征初步证明了在此过程中微生物攻击的主要位点是酯基;而缸埋法测量CO2放出量的实验表明,土埋降解的最终产物主要为CO2.进一步利用培养黑曲霉的实验,证明微生物主要选择植物油分子作为其生长的碳源.在脂肪酶的作用下,蓖麻油、马来酸化蓖麻油酯及其泡沫塑料均可发生水解反应,产生脂肪酸.以上几种方法得到的结论较为吻合,不但从不同角度证实了蓖麻油基泡沫塑料具备生物降解性能,而且还初步揭示了这类材料生物降解过程的分子机制.
The biodegradability of castor oil-based foams and their resin materials has been systematically studied by means of laboratory simulation of soil burial, cylinder embedding, microbial culture and lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis in order to reveal the biodegradation process of these materials The molecular mechanism of soil degradation before and after the experiment shows that the main site of microbial attack in this process is ester group.The experiment of measuring the amount of CO_2 released by the in-cylinder method shows that the final product of soil degradation is CO2. Further experiments using culture of Aspergillus niger proved that microorganisms mainly choose vegetable oil molecule as its carbon source for growth, and under the action of lipase, hydrolysis reaction could occur between castor oil, maleated castor oil ester and foam. Fatty acids.The conclusions obtained by the above methods are in good agreement with each other, not only confirming the biodegradability of castor oil-based foams from different angles, but also revealing the molecular mechanism of biodegradation of these materials.