在马克思经典文本中,关于人的本质有三个界定:“人的本质即劳动”、“人的本质在其现实性上是一切社会关系的总和”、“人的需要是人的本性”。这三个论述不是彼此孤立,互不相干的,而是内在存在紧密联系的。从这三个界定可以追寻马克思关于“人的本质”理论的发展路径,也只有从这三个界定及其内在的联系考察,才能全面理解马克思关于人的本质的理论。 In Marx’s classical texts, there are three definitions of the nature of man: “the essence of man is labor”, “the essence of man is the sum of all social relations in his reality.” “The needs of man are man The nature of ”. These three discourses are not isolated and irrelevant to each other, but are closely linked within. From these three definitions, we can trace Marx’s development path of “the nature of human beings”. Only by studying these three definitions and their inner relations can we fully understand Marx’s theory of human nature.