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1 .IntroductionQuasarsarethemostluminousobjectsintheuniverseandthehighestredshiftobjectswecandirectlyobserve .Understandingtheiremissionlineshasacosmologicalimperativesincetheirspectradependonluminosity (the“Baldwineffect” ;Baldwin 1 977,Osmeretal.1 994 )