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目的探讨昆山地区早产儿发生率及其影响因素。方法以2001年-2009年江苏省昆山市围产保健监测系统登记的33 629例孕产妇及单胎活产儿为研究对象,足月产胎儿为对照,分析早产儿发生的影响因素。结果早产儿总发生率为3.02%,随着时间的推移,其发生率有下降趋势(P<0.05)。在调整潜在混杂因素之后,非条件Logistic回归分析显示,产妇受教育年限>10年(OR=0.81,95%CI=0.68-0.95)、有怀孕史(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.76-0.99)、人工流产史(1次)(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.69-0.91)等与早产儿风险减小有关联。产妇分娩年龄<22岁(POR=1.22,95%CI=1.01-1.46)、初次产检时超重肥胖(POR=1.30,95%CI=1.06-1.60)、经产妇(POR=1.26,95%CI=1.01-1.57)、男性胎儿(POR=1.50,95%CI=1.32-1.71)与早产儿出生风险增加有关联。结论产妇人口学特征、生殖相关史和胎儿性别等因素影响早产儿发生风险。
Objective To investigate the incidence of preterm infants in Kunshan and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 33,629 pregnant women and single live births, registered in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province during 2001-2009, were enrolled in this study. Fetal asymptomatic fetuses were used as control subjects to analyze the influencing factors of preterm birth. Results The total incidence of premature children was 3.02%, with the passage of time, the incidence decreased (P <0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the maternal years of education were> 10 years (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68-0.95), with a history of pregnancy (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76-0.99 ), History of induced abortion (one time) (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.91), etc. were associated with decreased risk of premature birth. Maternal (POR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01-1.46), overweight and obesity at initial checkup (POR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06-1.60) 1.01-1.57) and male fetuses (POR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.32-1.71) were associated with an increased risk of premature birth. Conclusion Maternal characteristics, reproductive history, and fetal gender influence the risk of preterm birth.