肾脏是机体维持内环境相对稳定,排泄体内代谢废物的重要器官,也是排泄药物的重要器官。由于肾脏的特殊生理,药物与肾脏关系密切,是合理用药时值得注意的问题。一、药物的肾排泄药物肾排泄是通过肾小球滤过、肾小管重吸收以及它的分泌功能完成。几乎所有的药物均能被肾小球滤过,但药物与血浆蛋白结合后就难被滤过。结合程度越高,滤过率越低,排泄速度也减慢,结合程度低则相反。肾小管对药物的重吸收,主要是以被动转运形式。肾小球滤过液经逆流倍增被高度浓缩,与肾小管周围液出现浓度差,使药物向低浓度扩散被重吸收。但当原尿量增加,药物相对被稀 Kidney is the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment, excretion of the body’s metabolic waste an important organ, but also an important organ excretion of drugs. Due to the special physiology of the kidneys, the close relationship between the drugs and the kidneys is a noteworthy issue for rational drug use. First, the drug’s renal excretion of renal excretion through the glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion of its completed. Almost all drugs can be glomerular filtration, but the drug is difficult to filter after binding to plasma proteins. The higher the degree of binding, the lower the filtration rate, excretion rate also slows down, the lower the degree of binding is the opposite. Tubule reabsorption of drugs, mainly in the passive form of transport. Glomerular filtration fluid was highly concentrated by countercurrent doubling, and the concentration of fluid in the peritubular tubules was poor, so that drug diffusion to low concentrations was reabsorbed. However, when the original urine volume increased, the drug is relatively diluted