目的通过对农村学龄前儿童饮食行为进行干预,改善农村学龄前儿童的饮食行为。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法选取研究对象。按照人均GDP水平将聊城市辖下的所有乡镇分为发达、中等及欠发达三类,每类抽取2个大体类似的乡镇,将6个乡镇随机分为干预组和对照组。最后在抽取的每个乡镇样本中随机抽取50户3~6岁的学龄前儿童的家庭。针对干预组的家长采取为期一年的干预,对照组不采取任何措施。结果经过一年的干预,干预组经常吃零食(31.1%vs 59.4%)、吃饭看电视(51.7%vs 66.5%)的儿童检出率低于对照组(P均<0.05);定期了解儿童膳食情况(53.6%vs 34.7%)、支持开展营养教育的家长的比例(100.0%vs 97.1%)高于对照组(P均<0.05)。干预组中经常吃零食的儿童由基线的73人(48.3%)下降到47人(31.1%)(P<0.05);经常不吃早餐的儿童由基线的28人(18.5%)下降到12人(8.0%)(P<0.05);边吃边玩的儿童由基线的101人(66.9%)下降到78人(51.7%)(P<0.05);厌食的儿童由基线的66人(43.7%)下降到25人(16.6%)(P<0.05);给儿童服用保健品的家长由干预前43人(28.5%)下降到28人(18.5%)(P<0.05)。结论此次通过对农村学龄前儿童的家长进行干预从而改善儿童饮食行为的干预措施取得一定的成效,农村学龄前儿童的饮食行为得到改善。 Objective To improve the dietary behaviors of preschool children in rural areas by intervening the dietary behaviors of preschool children in rural areas. Methods The multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select the subjects. According to the level of per capita GDP, all villages and towns under the jurisdiction of Liaocheng were divided into three categories: developed, medium and underdeveloped. Two types of similar townships were selected for each category, and six townships were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. Finally, 50 households of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years are selected randomly from each sample of townships sampled. A year-long intervention was conducted for parents in the intervention group and no action was taken in the control group. Results After a year of intervention, the intervention group often ate snacks (31.1% vs 59.4%), while those who ate TV (51.7% vs 66.5%) had a lower detection rate than those of the control group (all P <0.05) (53.6% vs 34.7%), parents supporting nutrition education (100.0% vs 97.1%) were higher than the control group (all P <0.05). The number of children who regularly eat snacks in the intervention group decreased from 73 (48.3%) at baseline to 47 (31.1%) (P <0.05), while those who regularly did not eat breakfast dropped from 28 (18.5%) at baseline to 12 (8.0%) (P <0.05). Children eating and drinking decreased from 101 (66.9%) at the baseline to 78 (51.7%) at the baseline (P <0.05) ) Dropped to 25 (16.6%) (P <0.05). Parents who took health care products to children dropped from 43 (28.5%) to 28 (18.5%) before intervention (P <0.05). Conclusion Interventions to improve children’s dietary behaviors by intervention of parents of preschool children in rural areas have achieved some success. The eating behavior of preschool children in rural areas has been improved.