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古土壤学是研究过去景观条件下所形成的土壤。各种土壤的特性及其发生发展规律,说明了一定时间和空间范围内景观和气候的变迁。在第四纪研究中,古土壤可用来划分冰期、间冰期的界限标志,在地层对比上,以及对分析古气候与古人类生活环境均有重要意义。 我国土壤学者在五十年代前后就注意古土壤的研究,并联系到第四纪冰期和古气候的变化。六十年代以来,古土壤已引起较为广泛的重视。朱显谟从土壤发生学的观点论证了我国黄土性沉积物中的红色条带为埋藏古土壤,对阐明黄土地区气候干寒—温湿的周期性变化有重要意义。刘东生、朱海之等通过对黄土和埋藏土的分布规律及其物质成分和微结构的研究,讨论了地层的划分和第四纪古气候的演变。国外就古土壤的类型、特性、年代及古土壤资源的利用等问题,做了不少工作。
Paleotrioscology is the study of past landscape conditions formed by the soil. The characteristics of various soils and their occurrence and development rules illustrate the changes of landscape and climate within a certain time and space. In Quaternary studies, paleosol can be used to divide the boundary signs of glacial and interglacial periods. It is of great significance in stratigraphic correlation and analysis of paleoclimate and ancient human living environment. Soil scientists in China paid attention to the study of paleosol before and after the 1950s, and related to the Quaternary glacial and paleoclimate changes. Since the sixties, the ancient soil has attracted more extensive attention. Zhu Xianmo demonstrated from the point of view of soil genetics that the red bands in the loess sediments of China are buried ancient soils, and it is of great significance to clarify the cyclical changes of dry, cold, warm and humid climate in the loess region. Liu Dongsheng and Zhu Haizhi discussed the division of strata and the evolution of Quaternary paleoclimate through the study of the distribution of loess and burial soil and its material composition and microstructure. Abroad on ancient soil types, characteristics, age and the use of ancient soil resources and other issues, done a lot of work.