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《美国外科杂志》1982年第143期第280页刊载David Fleischer著文:该文首先介绍食管癌不论应用何种治疗仍是一种难于治愈的癌,因为在作出诊断时常已发生播散。外科手术、放疗或者二者合并应用其5年生存率都不好,常不到15％。因常不可能根治,故其他姑息治疗在食管癌病人处理上仍起作用。这些方法包括探条扩张、食管插管、咽造瘘或胃造瘘
The American Journal of Surgery, 1982, No. 143, p. 280, published by David Fleischer: This article first describes the treatment of esophageal cancer regardless of the type of treatment used. It is still a cancer that is difficult to cure, because dissemination often occurs during diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for surgery, radiotherapy or a combination of both is not good, often less than 15%. Because it is often impossible to cure, other palliative treatments still play a role in the management of esophageal cancer patients. These methods include bougie expansion, esophageal intubation, pharyngeal fistula or gastrostomy