论文部分内容阅读
Abstract Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest. C. kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year， with many migration peaks and large population numbers. The main sources of C. kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist. Most of the immigration sources were from Laos， and a small part originated from Vietnam. The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C. kiangsu. It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C. kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years. In this paper， the typical morphological characteristics， life history， biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C. kiangsu were summarized. Based on the characteristics of C. kiangsu， and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas， we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures. It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C. kiangsu in neighboring countries， monitor the C. kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time， and detect and control C. kiangsu in the early period， in order to effectively prevent C. kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production.
Key words Sugarcane; Ceracris kiangsu Tsai; Occurrence and damage; Dynamic monitoring; Prevention and control measures
Received： August 19， 2020 Accepted： October 24， 2020
Supported by Sugar Crop Research System （CARS-170303）; the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program "Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Pests" （2018LJRC56）; the Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System （YNGZTX-4-92）.
Xiaoyan CANG （1983-）， female， P. R. China， associate researcher， devoted to research about sugarcane diseases and pests.
*Corresponding author. E-mail： huangyk64@163.com.
Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is a polyphagous pest which can feed on more than 30 species of plants. When locust swarms migrate on a large scale and their populations increase， they will damage sugarcane， rice， corn and other crops， causing leaves to be chipped， and polished stalks in severe cases[1]. C. kiangsu are mainly distributed in the south of Qinling-Huaihe River in China[2-7] and Southeast Asian countries such as Laos and Vietnam[1]. In recent years， C. kiangsu has seriously occurred in Laos and other countries. It moved to the border of Yunnan of China from July to August this year. The migration trend is early migration time， multiple peaks， large pest quantity， and wide distribution[1]. As of July 17， 2020， the cumulative occurrence area of C. kiangsu in Yunnan Province was 8 710 hm2， of which 69 hm2 was severe. The occurrence area involved 23 townships in 6 counties of 3 cities （prefectures）， including Pu’er， Xishuangbanna， and Honghe[1]. The main sources of insects are foreign migration， with a small number of local insect sources. Among the immigration sources， most of the sources were from Laos， and a small part were from Vietnam[1]. The border area of Yunnan is a suitable area for C. kiangsu. It is speculated that the frequency of C. kiangsu migration from abroad has increased in recent years， the C. kiangsu can lay eggs and reproduce locally， and plus the perennial migration of C. kiangsu， the situation of prevention and control of C. kiangsu is still severe[1]. This paper systematically summarized the typical characteristics， life history and biological learning of C. kiangsu， proposed prevention and control strategies and technical measures according to the characteristics of its damage combined with the actual production of sugarcane areas along the border in Yunnan， and recommended that Yunnan sugarcane production areas pay close attention to the pest situation at home and abroad， actively organize field inspections， pay attention to dynamic monitoring of field pest situation， timely release insect situation forecasts， strive for early detection and early control， and effectively guide prevention and control to ensure sugarcane production safety.
Taxonomic Status
C. kiangsu belongs to Ceracris of Acridoidea in Acridiidae of Orthoptera in Inseeta[8].
Typical Characteristics
C. kiangsu is a kind of incomplete metamorphic insect. It occurs once a year， and completes a generation to experience three insect states： egg， nymph， and adult[9].
Eggs
The eggs are long oval， 6-8 mm long， 2 to 2.5 mm wide， brownish-yellow， with honeycomb reicnlbation. The oocyst is cylindrical， 18-30 mm long， grayish-yellow， and envelops 14-30 ova[10-12].
Nymphs
Also known as Huangnan and Tiaonan， the nymphs resemble adults but have no wings and go through 5 instars in total[11]. The newly hatched nymphs are light yellow， with white antennae at the end， and the body length is about 10 mm. The second-instar nymphs are yellowish in body color， with a body length of about 12 mm， and the front and rear wing buds protrude more obviously. The third-instar nymphs are mostly yellow-black in body color， and have a body length of about 16 mm. The rear edge of the pronotum extends slightly behind the body. The wing buds are obvious， and the forewing buds are narrow and flaky. The fourth-fifth-instar nymphs have a body length of 21-26 mm， and the rear edge of the pronotum extends back significantly， covering most of the rear chest. The body color turns to emerald green when they approach emergence[11].
Adults
Adults are larger， with females 32-37 mm long and males 28-34 mm long. Their bodies are mainly green and yellow， and have a protruding top of the forehead， and a triangular frontal surface. There is a yellow vertical pattern from the top of the forehead to the center of the front chest and back. The front is narrow and the back is wide. The antennae are filamentous， and the ends are light yellow. Compound eyes are oval， dark black. The hind legs are yellow-green， and have neatly arranged inverted V-shaped brown grooves in the middle. The tibia is blue-black and has two rows of thorns[8，11，13]. Life History and Biological Habits
Eggs
C. kiangsu overwinter with eggs in the soil， and the egg period is as long as 9 months[14]. May to June is the incubation period of overwintering eggs， and the peak incubation period is from mid to late May[8-9].
Nymphs
The nymph stage is about 2 months. The nymphs eat the most from the 4th instar to before spawning， and the food intake in this period accounts for about 60% of the total food intake， so they are the most harmful in this period[9]. They have the habit of clustering and migration， and likes a salty taste and human urine[9，15]. The nymphs at the first to second instar mainly live in groups on the sunny ground. The nymphs are poorly resistant to pesticides， and the nymph period is the best time for control with easy operation[9，16].
Adults
The adults emerge in late June， and early July is the peak period of emergence， which is the main period for the expansion of the distribution of C. kiangsu[11]. Their migration mainly occurs on sunny days， and the migration distance has a great relationship with wind speed and direction[9]. From the end of August to the end of September is the mating and egg laying period of adults[11]. Adults mate after feeding for 20 d， and no longer migrate after mating. They choose sunny bamboo forests and places with loose soil to gather and lay eggs. Spawning starts in early October[1，5，8，17]. The eggs are laid at 1-2 cm in the soil. Females lay an average of 6 eggs， each with 15-22 eggs. They die nearby after laying eggs， which is an obvious sign to find the place with laid eggs[8]. Climatic factors are closely related to their growth and development and active feeding. Generally， high temperature and dry climate are the best conditions for their incubation. The morning and evening of the incubation period are often different due to differences in geographic location and temperature and humidity conditions[11].
Control Principles
We should implement the policy of "prevention first， scientific prevention and control， management according to law， and health promotion" to create an environment suitable for sugarcane growth but not suitable for the occurrence of C. kiangsu populations with pollution-free prevention and control as the main measure. When the population density is close to or reaches the prevention and control target， emergency measures should be taken to control C. kiangsu， so as to prevent C. kiangsu from continuing to harm the plants. Control Strategies
In terms of time， the pests should be treated early when they are small. We should accurately predict the incubation period， find out the source of the first-instar Tiaonan， and timely control it. In the selection of drugs， it is advisable to select high-efficiency， low-toxicity， environmentally friendly drugs， and use different types of drugs alternately to delay the resistance of C. kiangsu as much as possible.
Control Measures
Ecological regulation and protection and utilization of natural enemies
Interplanting， relay intercropping and crop rotation should be adopted in accordance with local conditions. We should try to plant more sugarcane in the same sowing period in the same area， and ecological control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence， reduce the use of chemical pesticides， and promote sustainable governance.
We should transform the suitable environment， fully protect and utilize natural enemies such as Telenomus spp， tachinids， Epicauta ruficeps， ants， spiders and mantises and biodiversity， and form ecological barriers.
Prevention and control with agents
We should effectively grasp the control period and apply pesticides in time for control at the newly hatched nymph stage. ① Biological control： diflubenzuron No. 3[19-20] and biopesticides such as Beauveria bassiana， Metarhizium anisopliae[21] and Bacllius cereus can be chosen and sprayed in the early stage of egg hatching. ② Emergency control： One of Microsporidia 75×108 spores/hm2， 51% emamectin benzoate chlorpyrifos EC 1 500 ml/hm2， 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 600 ml/hm2+48% chlorpyrifos EC 750 ml/hm2， 40% Daosan·lambda-cyhalothrin EC 600 ml/hm2+90% trichlorfon crystals 1 200 g/hm2， and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC or （5% esfenvalerate EC， 20% Fenvalerate EC） 600 ml/hm2 + 90% trichlorfon crystal 1 200 g/hm2 can be selected， mixed with special additives for flight control and water 15 kg and sprayed on leaves with unmanned aerial vehicles， or mixed with water 900 kg and sprayed on leaves with manual electric sprayers or motorized sprayers. For the same occurrence area， unified control of various crops should be adopted to ensure the control effect. Manual or motorized spraying can be adopted to prevent and control sporadic occurrence areas， and unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for efficient and rapid prevention and control in large-area outbreak areas.
Xiaoyan CANG et al. Prevention and Control Measures of the Occurrence of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan Province References
[1] ZHUO FY， ZHU JQ， REN BY， et al. Preliminary report on the prevention and control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Yunnan Province in 2020[J]. China Plant Protection， 2020， 40（8）： 60-62. （in Chinese）
[2] HONG HJ， WU WL， LYU LF， et al. Analysis of locust species and causes of locust damage in Zijin Mountain of Nanjing[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2010（6）： 550-551 （in Chinese）
[3] YE M， WU ZR， LONG W， et al. Contributing factor of Ceracris kiangsu occuring seriously and its sustainable control approaches in Jiangxi Province[J]. Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology， 2007（3）： 38-40. （in Chinese）
[4] LIAN YM， LI JH. Observation on the leaf consumption and the amount of harmful leaves of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Taojiang， Hunan[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 1995， 22（1）： 29-31. （in Chinese）
[5] LIANG GQ， ZHENG LS. Research on Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and its control in Guangdong Province[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology， 1995， 11（1）： 6-9. （in Chinese）
[6] INGRISCH S. Grylloptera and Orthoptera s.str. from Nepal and Darjeeling in the zoologische staatssammlung muenchen[J]. Spixiaan Muenchen， 1990（13）： 149-182.
[7] INGRISCH S. Records， descriptions and revisionary studies of acrididae from Thailand and adjacent regions （Orthoptera， Acridoidea） [J]. Spixiana Muenchen， 1989（11）： 205-242.
[8] SUN XM. Biological characteristics， prediction and control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology， 2007（13）： 99 -100. （in Chinese）
[9] YU HL. The biological characteristics and comprehensive control measures of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology， 2012： 584-590. （in Chinese）
[10] XU XP， JIN XQ， MEI WB， et al. Biological characteristics and chemical control test of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology， 2011， 38（1）： 40-43. （in Chinese）
[11] ZHONG WH， LIAN YM， ZHANG XL. The biological characteristics of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and the protection and utilization of its natural enemies[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 2010， 37（5）： 57-59. （in Chinese）
[12] XIAO GR. Chinese forest insects （second edition）[M]. Beijing： China Forestry Publishing House， 1992： 121-125. （in Chinese）
[13] SUN LF， XI YM， JU F， et al. Biological characteristics and comprehensive prevention and control practices of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences， 2016， 44（29）： 139-141， 173. （in Chinese） [14] ZHAO Q. Study on the biology and embryo development characteristics of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[D]. Changsha： Central South University of Forestry and Technology， 2009： 12-13. （in Chinese）
[15] TENG Y. Study on the behavioral and chemical mechanisms for "urine-pudding" of yellow-spined bamboo locust[D]. Beijing： Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences， 2012. （in Chinese）
[16] CHEN LC， HUANG XD， LIAO YX， et al. Observation on the life habits of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and control experiment[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 2013， 40（6）： 37-40. （in Chinese）
[17] HUANG HH， TONG GJ. Studies on controlling Ceracris kiangsu Tsai by "chlorbenzuron III"[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology， 1998， 14（1）： 43-46. （in Chinese）
[18] LI ZY. Trial of chlorbenzuron III for controlling Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Huizhou University： Natural science edition， 2002（3）： 50-52. （in Chinese）
[19] YIN DG， LIU G， CHEN X. Experiment on the control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai with Metarhizium anisopliae powder[J]. Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design， 2008（2）： 61-63. （in Chinese）
Editor： Yingzhi GUANG Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU
Key words Sugarcane; Ceracris kiangsu Tsai; Occurrence and damage; Dynamic monitoring; Prevention and control measures
Received： August 19， 2020 Accepted： October 24， 2020
Supported by Sugar Crop Research System （CARS-170303）; the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program "Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Pests" （2018LJRC56）; the Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System （YNGZTX-4-92）.
Xiaoyan CANG （1983-）， female， P. R. China， associate researcher， devoted to research about sugarcane diseases and pests.
*Corresponding author. E-mail： huangyk64@163.com.
Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is a polyphagous pest which can feed on more than 30 species of plants. When locust swarms migrate on a large scale and their populations increase， they will damage sugarcane， rice， corn and other crops， causing leaves to be chipped， and polished stalks in severe cases[1]. C. kiangsu are mainly distributed in the south of Qinling-Huaihe River in China[2-7] and Southeast Asian countries such as Laos and Vietnam[1]. In recent years， C. kiangsu has seriously occurred in Laos and other countries. It moved to the border of Yunnan of China from July to August this year. The migration trend is early migration time， multiple peaks， large pest quantity， and wide distribution[1]. As of July 17， 2020， the cumulative occurrence area of C. kiangsu in Yunnan Province was 8 710 hm2， of which 69 hm2 was severe. The occurrence area involved 23 townships in 6 counties of 3 cities （prefectures）， including Pu’er， Xishuangbanna， and Honghe[1]. The main sources of insects are foreign migration， with a small number of local insect sources. Among the immigration sources， most of the sources were from Laos， and a small part were from Vietnam[1]. The border area of Yunnan is a suitable area for C. kiangsu. It is speculated that the frequency of C. kiangsu migration from abroad has increased in recent years， the C. kiangsu can lay eggs and reproduce locally， and plus the perennial migration of C. kiangsu， the situation of prevention and control of C. kiangsu is still severe[1]. This paper systematically summarized the typical characteristics， life history and biological learning of C. kiangsu， proposed prevention and control strategies and technical measures according to the characteristics of its damage combined with the actual production of sugarcane areas along the border in Yunnan， and recommended that Yunnan sugarcane production areas pay close attention to the pest situation at home and abroad， actively organize field inspections， pay attention to dynamic monitoring of field pest situation， timely release insect situation forecasts， strive for early detection and early control， and effectively guide prevention and control to ensure sugarcane production safety.
Taxonomic Status
C. kiangsu belongs to Ceracris of Acridoidea in Acridiidae of Orthoptera in Inseeta[8].
Typical Characteristics
C. kiangsu is a kind of incomplete metamorphic insect. It occurs once a year， and completes a generation to experience three insect states： egg， nymph， and adult[9].
Eggs
The eggs are long oval， 6-8 mm long， 2 to 2.5 mm wide， brownish-yellow， with honeycomb reicnlbation. The oocyst is cylindrical， 18-30 mm long， grayish-yellow， and envelops 14-30 ova[10-12].
Nymphs
Also known as Huangnan and Tiaonan， the nymphs resemble adults but have no wings and go through 5 instars in total[11]. The newly hatched nymphs are light yellow， with white antennae at the end， and the body length is about 10 mm. The second-instar nymphs are yellowish in body color， with a body length of about 12 mm， and the front and rear wing buds protrude more obviously. The third-instar nymphs are mostly yellow-black in body color， and have a body length of about 16 mm. The rear edge of the pronotum extends slightly behind the body. The wing buds are obvious， and the forewing buds are narrow and flaky. The fourth-fifth-instar nymphs have a body length of 21-26 mm， and the rear edge of the pronotum extends back significantly， covering most of the rear chest. The body color turns to emerald green when they approach emergence[11].
Adults
Adults are larger， with females 32-37 mm long and males 28-34 mm long. Their bodies are mainly green and yellow， and have a protruding top of the forehead， and a triangular frontal surface. There is a yellow vertical pattern from the top of the forehead to the center of the front chest and back. The front is narrow and the back is wide. The antennae are filamentous， and the ends are light yellow. Compound eyes are oval， dark black. The hind legs are yellow-green， and have neatly arranged inverted V-shaped brown grooves in the middle. The tibia is blue-black and has two rows of thorns[8，11，13]. Life History and Biological Habits
Eggs
C. kiangsu overwinter with eggs in the soil， and the egg period is as long as 9 months[14]. May to June is the incubation period of overwintering eggs， and the peak incubation period is from mid to late May[8-9].
Nymphs
The nymph stage is about 2 months. The nymphs eat the most from the 4th instar to before spawning， and the food intake in this period accounts for about 60% of the total food intake， so they are the most harmful in this period[9]. They have the habit of clustering and migration， and likes a salty taste and human urine[9，15]. The nymphs at the first to second instar mainly live in groups on the sunny ground. The nymphs are poorly resistant to pesticides， and the nymph period is the best time for control with easy operation[9，16].
Adults
The adults emerge in late June， and early July is the peak period of emergence， which is the main period for the expansion of the distribution of C. kiangsu[11]. Their migration mainly occurs on sunny days， and the migration distance has a great relationship with wind speed and direction[9]. From the end of August to the end of September is the mating and egg laying period of adults[11]. Adults mate after feeding for 20 d， and no longer migrate after mating. They choose sunny bamboo forests and places with loose soil to gather and lay eggs. Spawning starts in early October[1，5，8，17]. The eggs are laid at 1-2 cm in the soil. Females lay an average of 6 eggs， each with 15-22 eggs. They die nearby after laying eggs， which is an obvious sign to find the place with laid eggs[8]. Climatic factors are closely related to their growth and development and active feeding. Generally， high temperature and dry climate are the best conditions for their incubation. The morning and evening of the incubation period are often different due to differences in geographic location and temperature and humidity conditions[11].
Control Principles
We should implement the policy of "prevention first， scientific prevention and control， management according to law， and health promotion" to create an environment suitable for sugarcane growth but not suitable for the occurrence of C. kiangsu populations with pollution-free prevention and control as the main measure. When the population density is close to or reaches the prevention and control target， emergency measures should be taken to control C. kiangsu， so as to prevent C. kiangsu from continuing to harm the plants. Control Strategies
In terms of time， the pests should be treated early when they are small. We should accurately predict the incubation period， find out the source of the first-instar Tiaonan， and timely control it. In the selection of drugs， it is advisable to select high-efficiency， low-toxicity， environmentally friendly drugs， and use different types of drugs alternately to delay the resistance of C. kiangsu as much as possible.
Control Measures
Ecological regulation and protection and utilization of natural enemies
Interplanting， relay intercropping and crop rotation should be adopted in accordance with local conditions. We should try to plant more sugarcane in the same sowing period in the same area， and ecological control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence， reduce the use of chemical pesticides， and promote sustainable governance.
We should transform the suitable environment， fully protect and utilize natural enemies such as Telenomus spp， tachinids， Epicauta ruficeps， ants， spiders and mantises and biodiversity， and form ecological barriers.
Prevention and control with agents
We should effectively grasp the control period and apply pesticides in time for control at the newly hatched nymph stage. ① Biological control： diflubenzuron No. 3[19-20] and biopesticides such as Beauveria bassiana， Metarhizium anisopliae[21] and Bacllius cereus can be chosen and sprayed in the early stage of egg hatching. ② Emergency control： One of Microsporidia 75×108 spores/hm2， 51% emamectin benzoate chlorpyrifos EC 1 500 ml/hm2， 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 600 ml/hm2+48% chlorpyrifos EC 750 ml/hm2， 40% Daosan·lambda-cyhalothrin EC 600 ml/hm2+90% trichlorfon crystals 1 200 g/hm2， and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC or （5% esfenvalerate EC， 20% Fenvalerate EC） 600 ml/hm2 + 90% trichlorfon crystal 1 200 g/hm2 can be selected， mixed with special additives for flight control and water 15 kg and sprayed on leaves with unmanned aerial vehicles， or mixed with water 900 kg and sprayed on leaves with manual electric sprayers or motorized sprayers. For the same occurrence area， unified control of various crops should be adopted to ensure the control effect. Manual or motorized spraying can be adopted to prevent and control sporadic occurrence areas， and unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for efficient and rapid prevention and control in large-area outbreak areas.
Xiaoyan CANG et al. Prevention and Control Measures of the Occurrence of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan Province References
[1] ZHUO FY， ZHU JQ， REN BY， et al. Preliminary report on the prevention and control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Yunnan Province in 2020[J]. China Plant Protection， 2020， 40（8）： 60-62. （in Chinese）
[2] HONG HJ， WU WL， LYU LF， et al. Analysis of locust species and causes of locust damage in Zijin Mountain of Nanjing[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2010（6）： 550-551 （in Chinese）
[3] YE M， WU ZR， LONG W， et al. Contributing factor of Ceracris kiangsu occuring seriously and its sustainable control approaches in Jiangxi Province[J]. Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology， 2007（3）： 38-40. （in Chinese）
[4] LIAN YM， LI JH. Observation on the leaf consumption and the amount of harmful leaves of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Taojiang， Hunan[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 1995， 22（1）： 29-31. （in Chinese）
[5] LIANG GQ， ZHENG LS. Research on Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and its control in Guangdong Province[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology， 1995， 11（1）： 6-9. （in Chinese）
[6] INGRISCH S. Grylloptera and Orthoptera s.str. from Nepal and Darjeeling in the zoologische staatssammlung muenchen[J]. Spixiaan Muenchen， 1990（13）： 149-182.
[7] INGRISCH S. Records， descriptions and revisionary studies of acrididae from Thailand and adjacent regions （Orthoptera， Acridoidea） [J]. Spixiana Muenchen， 1989（11）： 205-242.
[8] SUN XM. Biological characteristics， prediction and control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology， 2007（13）： 99 -100. （in Chinese）
[9] YU HL. The biological characteristics and comprehensive control measures of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology， 2012： 584-590. （in Chinese）
[10] XU XP， JIN XQ， MEI WB， et al. Biological characteristics and chemical control test of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology， 2011， 38（1）： 40-43. （in Chinese）
[11] ZHONG WH， LIAN YM， ZHANG XL. The biological characteristics of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and the protection and utilization of its natural enemies[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 2010， 37（5）： 57-59. （in Chinese）
[12] XIAO GR. Chinese forest insects （second edition）[M]. Beijing： China Forestry Publishing House， 1992： 121-125. （in Chinese）
[13] SUN LF， XI YM， JU F， et al. Biological characteristics and comprehensive prevention and control practices of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences， 2016， 44（29）： 139-141， 173. （in Chinese） [14] ZHAO Q. Study on the biology and embryo development characteristics of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[D]. Changsha： Central South University of Forestry and Technology， 2009： 12-13. （in Chinese）
[15] TENG Y. Study on the behavioral and chemical mechanisms for "urine-pudding" of yellow-spined bamboo locust[D]. Beijing： Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences， 2012. （in Chinese）
[16] CHEN LC， HUANG XD， LIAO YX， et al. Observation on the life habits of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and control experiment[J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology， 2013， 40（6）： 37-40. （in Chinese）
[17] HUANG HH， TONG GJ. Studies on controlling Ceracris kiangsu Tsai by "chlorbenzuron III"[J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology， 1998， 14（1）： 43-46. （in Chinese）
[18] LI ZY. Trial of chlorbenzuron III for controlling Ceracris kiangsu Tsai[J]. Journal of Huizhou University： Natural science edition， 2002（3）： 50-52. （in Chinese）
[19] YIN DG， LIU G， CHEN X. Experiment on the control of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai with Metarhizium anisopliae powder[J]. Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design， 2008（2）： 61-63. （in Chinese）
Editor： Yingzhi GUANG Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU