冯友兰与胡适是现代中国哲坛一对相映成趣的人物。冯原是胡的弟子,但成为同行之后,二者逐步交恶。抗战前,二者在中哲史研究中已形成了明显的对峙。就思想史上的意义言,胡远胜于冯;但在具体的哲学问题的阐释上,冯则更胜一筹。抗战爆发后,二人政治倾向的差异日渐公开化,并分别选择了不同的人生道路。总体而言,冯是相对专业的经院派学人,胡是富有社会关怀的公共知识分子。冯有着传统儒生的“为帝王师”的传习;胡虽与国民党决策层深有渊源,但始终未改其追求民主自由的现代意识,这或许更吻合于现代国际的发展潮流。冯的知识结构颇有现代质素,但信仰和价值取向则较为传统,而胡是一个新派的知识分子,是思想界一个温和的“革命者”。情势变迁,二人都经历了不同的人生轨迹,但其文化人格的转型非常困难。尽管他们在知识界都是深有根基的大佬,然对于强势的政治权威而言,他们都是弱势者,在具体的现实环境中也都面临各自的困难。在某种意义上说,他们所代表的价值取向,在现代民国知识界具有普遍性;他们中晚年的人生际遇,在上世纪中国,也不无典型性。 Feng Youlan and Hu Shih are the pairs of modern Chinese philosophers. Feng was originally a disciple of Hu, but after becoming a colleague, the two gradually became evil. Before the war of resistance against Japan, the two had formed a clear confrontation in the study of history of Zhezong. As far as the meaning in the history of thoughts is concerned, Hu Yuansheng is better at von; but on the concrete explanation of philosophical problems, Feng is superior. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the differences in their political orientation became more and more open, and they each chose a different path of life. In general, Feng is a relatively professional scholar in the academy and Hu is a public intellectual with social concerns. Feng had a tradition of Confucian scholars “for the imperial division ” biography; Although Hu and the KMT decision-making deep roots, but has not changed its pursuit of modern democratic freedom, which may be more in line with the development trend of modern international. Although Feng’s knowledge structure is rather modern in quality, his belief and value orientation are more traditional. Hu is a new intellectual and a moderate “revolutionary” in the world of thought. Changes in circumstances, both experienced different trajectories of life, but the transformation of cultural personality is very difficult. Although they are all well-established bigwigs in the intellectual world, they are all disadvantaged to the powerful political authorities and face their own difficulties in specific realities. In a sense, the value orientation they represent is universal in the intelligentsia of the modern republic. Their life experiences in middle and later years are not typical in China in the last century.