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有关英语词序方面的题目在近年来的考题中屡屡出现,许多同学常常感到含混不清。为此,本文结合多年考题,总结了几种与英语词序相关的问题,以帮助大家准确理解并掌握正确的英语词序。
一、However引导让步状语从句的词序:
例题: ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he
B. However he is late
C. However is he late
D. However late he is
However引导让步状语从句时,常把所修饰的形容词或副词紧放在其后,然后再接从句的主语和谓语部分。故选D。又如:
We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
However cold it is, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to come back.
二、As引导让步状语从句的词序:
例题: ________, he didn’t do well in the final examination.
A. As he was clever
B. Clever as he was
C. He was as clever
D. As clever he was
该题答案为B。As引导让步状语从句需要把从句中作表语的形容词、名词(前面省略冠词)、作状语的副词或原形动词提至句首。又如:
Child / Young as he is, he can sing quite a few English songs.
Heavily as it was raining, they kept on working.
三、名词性从句中的词序:
例题:Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where Alice has put
C. where had Alice put
D. where has Alice put
名词性从句中都使用陈述语序。该题语境提示应用现在完成时,所以正确答案为B。
四、倍数表达中的词序:
例题:The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ________ here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
英语中表达倍数时常用倍数与形容词比较等级连用,但倍数通常放在形容词比较等级前面。所以该题正确答案为D,其中“here”后省略了as引导的另一个比较对象。又如:
With the help of the German experts, the factory produced twice as many cars in 1993 as the year before.
The population here is now four times larger than that in the 1950s.
Line AB is twice the length of Line CD.
五、单数可数名词前冠词(a / an)与形容词的词序:
例题: We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
单数可数名词前有冠词(a / an)和形容词修饰时,一般冠词在形容词前,如“一个好学生”——“a good student”。该题使用了“such + n. + that...”和“so + adj. / adv. + that ...”结构表示“如此……以至于……”之意,正确答案为D。若选C项,则需把其改为“so anxious a rush”。类似这样的形容词位于冠词前修饰单数可数名词的情况还有下列这些:
(1)在How开头的感叹句中:
How smart a tool the mobile phone is!
What a smart tool the mobile phone is!
(2) 在“as ... as”同级比较结构中:
Mr. Turner is as successful an actor as his father.
(3) 在“too ... to do”结构中:
Jim is too young a child to dress himself.
六、名词前多个定语修饰时的词序:
例题:While tidying the room, Jim found the ________ toy bought for him as a birthday present.
A. fine plastic small
B. plastic fine small
C. small fine plastic
D. fine small plastic
名词前有多个定语修饰时,其顺序可根据其特点按下列口诀顺序依次排列:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍再材料,作用类别往后靠。”该题中fine 是描绘性形容词,plastic是材料类形容词,small是“大长高”类形容词,所以正确答案是D。又如:
The Whites bought a beautiful green Chinese carpet at a market in Beijing.
We have made some beautiful little red paper flowers.
说明:“限定词”常常排在最前面,包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格和数词(序数词常在基数词前)。例如:
If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay another 15 dollars.
Jim is one of the first ten top students in this grade.
七、非谓语动词否定式的词序:
例题:_________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
非谓语动词否定式是把“not”放在其前。该题中非谓语动词“receive”的动作发生在位于动词“decide”之前,需要使用完成时。故答案为C。又如:
The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.
Mr. Smith felt very sorry for not being invited to the party.
八、倒装句中的语序:
例题:The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
英语中有时为了表达得生动、强调某一部分或者保持句子结构的平衡而使用倒装语序,即把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前。该题中后一分句把否定词“never”放在了句首,应该使用倒装语序,且语境提示应该用现在完成时,所以选C。又如:
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
Gone are the days when we had to take our fate lying down.
九、enough作修饰语时的词序:
例题: _________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students
B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough
D. Students enough brave
enough用作形容词修饰名词时,位置可在被修饰的名词前或后,如“enough time”或“time enough”均可。但是当enough用作副词修饰形容词或其他副词时,其位置只能在被修饰的词之后,搭配形式常为“adj. / adv. + enough + to do sth.”。短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后,所以该题答案为C。
十、词序颠倒,用法有别:
例题: Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
该题在考查“too ... to do”时,还需分清too much和much too的区别。这两个短语的前一词都是对后一词的修饰,其中too much后接不可数名词,much too后接形容词或副词,所以答案为A。
巩固练习:
1. It is _________ work of art that few people present can afford it.
A. a so unusual B. such an unusual C. so unusual D. such unusual
2. I haven’t got _________ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
3. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
4. It is generally believed that teaching is_________ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as an much art as
5. Only when your identification has been checked,_________.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
6. Look! There are lots of _________ birds flying over the trees.
A. funny red little B. funny little red C. little funny red D. little red funny
7. — We are leaving on June 15.
— So why not come to spend _________ days with? I’m serious.
A. all these last few B. these all last few
C. these last all few D. all last these few
8. There is still _________ gap between the top and the bottom income groups in this country.
A. too much big a B. a too much big C. much too big a D. a much too big
9. — Have you finished your report yet?
— No. I’ll finish it in _________.
A. another ten minutes
B. other ten minutes
C. more ten minutes D. ten less minutes
10. Jack got a good mark although he had done _________ the others.
A. half as much as B. as much as half C. as half as D. as much half as
11. — I’m sorry for ________ ahead of time.
— That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
12. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _________.
A. too much long B. much too long
C. long too much D. too long much
13. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, But it cost _________ his.
A. as much twice as
B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as
D. as twice much as
Keys: 1—5BACDD6—10BACAA 11—13BBB
一、However引导让步状语从句的词序:
例题: ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he
B. However he is late
C. However is he late
D. However late he is
However引导让步状语从句时,常把所修饰的形容词或副词紧放在其后,然后再接从句的主语和谓语部分。故选D。又如:
We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
However cold it is, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to come back.
二、As引导让步状语从句的词序:
例题: ________, he didn’t do well in the final examination.
A. As he was clever
B. Clever as he was
C. He was as clever
D. As clever he was
该题答案为B。As引导让步状语从句需要把从句中作表语的形容词、名词(前面省略冠词)、作状语的副词或原形动词提至句首。又如:
Child / Young as he is, he can sing quite a few English songs.
Heavily as it was raining, they kept on working.
三、名词性从句中的词序:
例题:Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where Alice has put
C. where had Alice put
D. where has Alice put
名词性从句中都使用陈述语序。该题语境提示应用现在完成时,所以正确答案为B。
四、倍数表达中的词序:
例题:The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ________ here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
英语中表达倍数时常用倍数与形容词比较等级连用,但倍数通常放在形容词比较等级前面。所以该题正确答案为D,其中“here”后省略了as引导的另一个比较对象。又如:
With the help of the German experts, the factory produced twice as many cars in 1993 as the year before.
The population here is now four times larger than that in the 1950s.
Line AB is twice the length of Line CD.
五、单数可数名词前冠词(a / an)与形容词的词序:
例题: We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
单数可数名词前有冠词(a / an)和形容词修饰时,一般冠词在形容词前,如“一个好学生”——“a good student”。该题使用了“such + n. + that...”和“so + adj. / adv. + that ...”结构表示“如此……以至于……”之意,正确答案为D。若选C项,则需把其改为“so anxious a rush”。类似这样的形容词位于冠词前修饰单数可数名词的情况还有下列这些:
(1)在How开头的感叹句中:
How smart a tool the mobile phone is!
What a smart tool the mobile phone is!
(2) 在“as ... as”同级比较结构中:
Mr. Turner is as successful an actor as his father.
(3) 在“too ... to do”结构中:
Jim is too young a child to dress himself.
六、名词前多个定语修饰时的词序:
例题:While tidying the room, Jim found the ________ toy bought for him as a birthday present.
A. fine plastic small
B. plastic fine small
C. small fine plastic
D. fine small plastic
名词前有多个定语修饰时,其顺序可根据其特点按下列口诀顺序依次排列:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍再材料,作用类别往后靠。”该题中fine 是描绘性形容词,plastic是材料类形容词,small是“大长高”类形容词,所以正确答案是D。又如:
The Whites bought a beautiful green Chinese carpet at a market in Beijing.
We have made some beautiful little red paper flowers.
说明:“限定词”常常排在最前面,包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格和数词(序数词常在基数词前)。例如:
If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay another 15 dollars.
Jim is one of the first ten top students in this grade.
七、非谓语动词否定式的词序:
例题:_________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
非谓语动词否定式是把“not”放在其前。该题中非谓语动词“receive”的动作发生在位于动词“decide”之前,需要使用完成时。故答案为C。又如:
The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.
Mr. Smith felt very sorry for not being invited to the party.
八、倒装句中的语序:
例题:The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
英语中有时为了表达得生动、强调某一部分或者保持句子结构的平衡而使用倒装语序,即把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前。该题中后一分句把否定词“never”放在了句首,应该使用倒装语序,且语境提示应该用现在完成时,所以选C。又如:
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
Gone are the days when we had to take our fate lying down.
九、enough作修饰语时的词序:
例题: _________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students
B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough
D. Students enough brave
enough用作形容词修饰名词时,位置可在被修饰的名词前或后,如“enough time”或“time enough”均可。但是当enough用作副词修饰形容词或其他副词时,其位置只能在被修饰的词之后,搭配形式常为“adj. / adv. + enough + to do sth.”。短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后,所以该题答案为C。
十、词序颠倒,用法有别:
例题: Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
该题在考查“too ... to do”时,还需分清too much和much too的区别。这两个短语的前一词都是对后一词的修饰,其中too much后接不可数名词,much too后接形容词或副词,所以答案为A。
巩固练习:
1. It is _________ work of art that few people present can afford it.
A. a so unusual B. such an unusual C. so unusual D. such unusual
2. I haven’t got _________ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.
A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough
3. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
4. It is generally believed that teaching is_________ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as an much art as
5. Only when your identification has been checked,_________.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
6. Look! There are lots of _________ birds flying over the trees.
A. funny red little B. funny little red C. little funny red D. little red funny
7. — We are leaving on June 15.
— So why not come to spend _________ days with? I’m serious.
A. all these last few B. these all last few
C. these last all few D. all last these few
8. There is still _________ gap between the top and the bottom income groups in this country.
A. too much big a B. a too much big C. much too big a D. a much too big
9. — Have you finished your report yet?
— No. I’ll finish it in _________.
A. another ten minutes
B. other ten minutes
C. more ten minutes D. ten less minutes
10. Jack got a good mark although he had done _________ the others.
A. half as much as B. as much as half C. as half as D. as much half as
11. — I’m sorry for ________ ahead of time.
— That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
12. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _________.
A. too much long B. much too long
C. long too much D. too long much
13. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, But it cost _________ his.
A. as much twice as
B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as
D. as twice much as
Keys: 1—5BACDD6—10BACAA 11—13BBB