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在历史上,美国习惯于采用“指挥与控制”法来减少污染物排放。然而,这种规制措施会降低产业部门的生产效率。文章引入基于市场机制的两种碳价政策,一是碳税,二是总量控制与交易计划,并对这两种政策选择的设计进行了探讨,对二者在不确定性条件下的减排效果、促进政府税收、加强行政管理等方面的差异进行了比较,认为采用一种将碳税和总量控制与交易计划结合在一起的综合性碳价政策,在效率和分配方面要优于“指挥与控制”法。
Historically, the United States has become accustomed to adopting “command and control” laws to reduce pollutant emissions. However, such regulatory measures will reduce the productivity of the industrial sector. This paper introduces two kinds of carbon price policies based on market mechanism, one is carbon tax, the other is total amount control and transaction plan. The design of these two kinds of policy options is also discussed. The two models are under the condition of uncertainty A comparison of differences in incentives, promotion of government taxation, and strengthening of administration, concluded that the introduction of a comprehensive carbon pricing policy that combines carbon tax and cap-and-trade programs is superior to that of efficiency and distribution “Command and control ” law.