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目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称新冠肺炎）疫情防控常态化时期，上海、南京、池州三地居民的防护行为现状及影响因素，为疫情防控提供依据。方法:2021年1月29日至2月4日通过线上问卷，调查上海市、江苏省南京市和安徽省池州市居民的防护行为现状，并采用Pearson n χn 2检验及二元Logistic回归分析其影响因素。n 结果:本次调查收到问卷3 354份，有效问卷3 346份，问卷有效率99.76%。69.55%（2 327人）的调查对象表示外出总是戴口罩，65.09%（2 178人）的居民表示外出回家后马上洗手，43.07%（1 441人）的居民平均每次洗手时间达标（≥20 s）。女性（n OR=1.37）、居住在南京或上海（n OR=1.57、1.43）、自评健康状态较好（n OR=1.40）、对我国疫情较为关注（n OR=2.44）以及认知到新冠肺炎严重性（n OR=1.53）的居民外出带口罩的频率更高。女性（n OR=1.60）、26岁以上（n OR=1.39~1.62）、已婚（n OR=1.75）、居住在南京或上海（n OR=2.15、2.33）、本地户口（n OR=1.24）、高中以上教育水平（n OR=1.60~1.71）、自评健康状态较好（n OR=1.41）、对我国疫情较为关注（n OR=3.05）以及认知到新冠肺炎严重性（n OR=1.64）的居民回家后马上洗手的频率更高。女性（n OR=1.38）、≥36岁（n OR=1.43~1.89）、自评健康状态较好（n OR=1.56）、对我国疫情较为关注（n OR=3.34）的居民洗手时长更容易达标。n 结论:新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化时期上海、南京、池州三地居民防护行为整体上维持在较高水平，男性、未婚以及年轻人群防护行为相对较弱。戴口罩行为已形成社会共识，但洗手行为的依从性仍受社会经济地位的影响。“,”Objective:To investigate protection behaviors of residents in Shanghai, Nanjing and Chizhou, and identify the influencing factors on the normalization stage of prevention and control of COVID-19, so as to provide evidences for the prevention and control of the epidemic.Methods:From January 29th to February 4th, 2021, an online survey about the protection behaviors of residents in Shanghai, Nanjing city in Jiangsu Province and Chizhou city in Anhui Province was conducted. Pearson chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to identify the factors associated with protection behaviors.Results:A total of 3 354 questionnaires were collected, including 3 346 valid questionnaires with the effective rate of 99.76%. It showed that 69.55% (2 327 respondents), 65.09% (2 178 respondents) and 43.07% (1 441 respondents) of respondents always wore masks when going out, washed hands immediately when getting home, and reached the hand washing duration standard (≥20 s), respectively. Residents who were females(n OR=1.37), living in Nanjing or Shanghai(n OR=1.57, 1.43), had good self-perceived health status(n OR=1.40), concerned about the epidemic in China(n OR=2.44) and perceived the severity of COVID-19(n OR=1.53) had higher frequencies of mask wearing. Respondents who were females(n OR=1.60), above 26 years old(n OR=1.39-1.62), married (n OR=1.75), living in Nanjing or Shanghai (OR=2.15-2.33), local registered (n OR=1.24), with education of high school and above(n OR=1.60-1.71) and had good self-perceived health status(n OR=1.41), concerned about the epidemic in China (n OR=3.05) and perceived the severity of COVID-19 (n OR=1.64) were more likely to wash hands when getting home. Respondents who were females(n OR=1.38), above 36 years old(n OR=1.43-1.89), had good self-perceived health status(n OR=1.56) and concerned about the epidemic in China(n OR=3.34) were more likely to have qualified hand washing duration.n Conclusions:During the normalization stage of prevention and control of COVID-19, the protection behaviors of residents in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Chizhou city remain at a relatively high level. While individual protection behaviors among males, unmarried and young groups are relatively weak. Mask wearing has become a social consensus, but the compliance of hand washing is still associated with socioeconomic status.