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目的:了解杭州市西湖区新报告HIV/AIDS病例感染特征及对疾病的认知程度，为今后艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法:收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病防治基本信息系统中杭州市西湖区2018年1月至2021年6月报告的HIV/AIDS病例为调查对象，采用浙江省疾病预防控制中心编制的《艾滋病病例个案信息收集问卷》进行面对面调查，对新发感染者和既往感染者的人口学、行为习惯等信息进行比较。并对新报告病例的艾滋病认知程度和学历进行Spearman相关性分析。结果:2018年1月至2021年6月共有370例新报告HIV/AIDS病例，其中男性（345例，93.24%）、未婚（278例，75.14%）、同性感染（301例，81.35%）、大专及以上学历（229例，61.89%）、本市户籍（241例，65.14%）、门诊病例（229例，61.89%）、商业服务（228例，61.62%）占比较高。新报告病例中新发感染者159例（42.97%），发病年龄中位数27岁，月薪中位数6 000元，与既往感染者比较差异有统计学意义（n Z=2.90和2.91，n P均=0.004）。新发感染者中男性、未婚、同性恋、同性感染、新型毒品的比例分别为98.11%、87.42%、80.50%、93.71%、29.11%，均高于既往感染者（n χn 2=10.50、22.79、32.93、28.07和6.09，n P均<0.05）。新发感染者和既往感染者的学历与了解预防艾滋病措施、艾滋病话题关注度、感知感染的可能性Spearman相关系数为0.22~8.21。n 结论:西湖区新报告病例以未婚、男男性行为人群为主。新报告病例中新发感染者较既往感染者更年轻，且更易发生同性性行为，需重点关注；此外，感染者学历与艾滋病认知程度有一定的相关性。“,”Objective:To investigate the infection characteristics and the awareness of the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Xihu District of Hangzhou, so as to provide evidences for future AIDS prevention and control.Methods:The HIV/AIDS cases reported in Xihu District, Hangzhou City from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrieved from the Basic Information System of AIDS Prevention and Control of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Face to face survey was conducted using the AIDS case information collection questionnaire designed by Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The demographic data, behavioral habits and other information were compared between newly infected patients and previously infected patients. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on the level of AIDS awareness and educational background among newly reported cases.Results:There were 370 new HIV/AIDS cases reported from January 2018 to June 2021. These cases were concentrated in males (345 cases, 93.24%), unmarried cases (278 cases, 75.14%), homosexual infections(301 cases, 81.35%), cases with college education or above (229 cases, 61.89%), native residents(241 cases, 65.14%), outpatients (229 cases, 61.89%), and cases engaged in business services (228 cases, 61.62%). Among the newly reported cases, 159 cases (42.97%) were newly infected whose median age of onset was 27 years old and the median monthly salary was 6 000 yuan, which were significantly different with those in previous infected patients (n Z=2.90 and 2.91, n P both=0.004). The proportions of male, unmarried status, homosexual behavior, homosexual infection, and new drugs among newly infected patients were 98.11%, 87.42%, 80.50%, 93.71%, and 29.11%, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those among previously infected patients (n χn 2=10.50, 22.79, 32.93, 28.07 and 6.09, n P all <0.05). The Spearman correlation coefficients between the educational background of new infections and previous infections and their awareness of AIDS prevention, attention of AIDS topic, and possibility of infection were 0.22-8.21.n Conclusions:The newly reported cases in Xihu District are mainly unmarried population and men who have sex with men. Compared with previously infected patients, newly infected patients are younger, and more likely to have homosexual behavior, which should be paid more attention. Educational background is positively correlated with the awareness of AIDS.