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生物传感器是由一种生物灵敏成分和物理或化学传感器相结合,从而选择性和定量探测特定外部环境中某一具体化合物存在的分析性器件。这种化合物(被测物)和生物成分的相互作用产生可用光学或机械系统测量(电、光或机械)信号,信号通常还会被放大。生物传感器正日益采用蛋白质工程和先进微电子等现代化技术,从而提供便于使用、小巧廉价和有广泛适用性的器件。
A biosensor is an analytic device that combines a biosensitive component with a physical or chemical sensor to selectively and quantitatively detect the presence of a specific compound in a particular external environment. The interaction of this compound (analyte) with the biological components produces signals that can be measured (electrical, optical or mechanical) optically or mechanically, and the signals are usually amplified. Biosensors are increasingly adopting modern technologies such as protein engineering and advanced microelectronics to provide devices that are easy to use, small and inexpensive, and have broad applicability.