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现代商业竞争最为激烈的两场商业大战在今天同时打响了,这两场战争的中心都在美国,但已经蔓延至欧洲和世界其他地区。通用汽车和福特——曾经的汽车制造领域的领军人物,现在则出现亏损、丢失市场份额,而且似乎无助地在同入侵者——如丰田和日产竞争,他们在竞争中难以捍卫自身市场。在民航业,美联航(United)和合众国航空公司(US Airways)已经在曾经是处在缝隙市场的航空公司如西南航空公司的入侵中濒于破产。在这两个案例中,处于挣扎之中的老企业的失败原因都有一些共同之处:市场需求下降、劳动力成本过高、历史包袱沉重和不断上涨的油价。
Two of the most fiercely competitive commercial conflicts of modern commerce were launched today, both centered in the United States but spread to Europe and the rest of the world. GM and Ford, the former leaders in the automotive industry, are now losing money, losing market share and seemingly helplessly competing against intruders such as Toyota and Nissan, who are struggling to defend their markets. In the civil aviation industry, United and US Airways have been on the verge of bankruptcy in the invasion of airlines such as Southwest, which used to be a niche market. In both cases, the reasons for the failure of the struggling older businesses have something in common: falling market demand, high labor costs, heavy historical burdens and rising oil prices.