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目的总结成都军区急性高原病(AMS)预防和控制工作取得的成就,探讨进一步提高高原部队防制AMS的有效措施。方法收集20余年来成都军区空运进驻西藏高原新兵AMS的发病资料,分析AMS发病与防制措施的关系。结果进藏新兵的AMS发病率从1987年的48.45%,下降到2009年的2.6%,且没有死亡病例发生;AMS住院率从1993年的2.18%下降到2009年的0.10%。采取的主要防制措施是:对AMS的防制工作进行科学化、规范化、制度化,降低或防止发病诱因,降低机体的需氧量,促进机体对低氧环境的代偿调节过程。结论防病措施落实到位,能够极大程度地减少AMS对部队的威胁,而规范化的卫生学管理制度比预防药物更有效。
Objective To summarize the achievements made in the prevention and control of acute altitude sickness (AMS) in the military region of Chengdu, and to explore effective measures to further improve the prevention and control of AMS in plateau troops. Methods The incidence data of AMS recruited by Chengdu Military Region airlift over the past 20 years in the Tibetan Plateau were collected. The relationship between the incidence of AMS and control measures was analyzed. Results The incidence of AMS among recruits in Tibet decreased from 48.45% in 1987 to 2.6% in 2009, and no deaths occurred. The AMS admission rate dropped from 2.18% in 1993 to 0.10% in 2009. The main control measures taken are as follows: Scientific, standardized and institutionalized prevention and control work of AMS to reduce or prevent the inducement of pathogenesis, reduce the body’s oxygen demand, and promote the body’s compensatory adjustment process in the hypoxic environment. Conclusion The implementation of disease prevention measures can greatly reduce the AMS threat to troops, and the standardized hygiene management system is more effective than preventive drugs.