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回顾了制冷剂从早期使用至现在的进步历程,探讨了未来方向与一些候选制冷剂。根据所定义的选择标准把此历程划分为四代制冷剂。逐一用这些标准讨论了较早工质的替代,并说明了某些早期制冷剂例如那些现在所称的“天然制冷剂”重新受到关注的过程。考察了对现有国际协定相关方案的展望,其中包括了分别为防止平流层臭氧耗损与全球气候变化的蒙特利尔与京都议定书的分析。还考察了其他环境问题和更长远的国际与地区性的控制措施。这种讨论说明,如果仅仅孤立地看待各个环境问题,而不是把若干环境问题作为整体而采取综合协调的对策,可能会对环境造成无意识的破坏,这种环境破坏几乎肯定将来还需要再采取挽回措施。可以确定,一些即将出台的政策与管制条例的变化可能对下一代制冷剂的选择会有重要影响。
Recalling the progress of the refrigerant from early use to the present, the future direction and some candidate refrigerants are discussed. This process is divided into four generations of refrigerants according to the defined selection criteria. These standards discuss the substitution of earlier working fluids one by one and illustrate the process by which some of the older refrigerants, such as those now called “natural refrigerants,” have received renewed attention. Examines the outlook for existing programs of international agreement that include an analysis of Montreal and Kyoto protocols to prevent stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change. Other environmental issues and longer-term international and regional controls have also been examined. This discussion shows that the mere uncontrolled destruction of the environment by mere isolation of the various environmental problems in isolation from the integrated and coordinated responses of a number of environmental issues as a whole can almost certainly require reinstatement in the near future Measures. It is certain that changes in some of the forthcoming policies and regulations may have a significant impact on the choice of the next generation of refrigerants.