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一直以来，似乎环保与贸易并无多大的直接联系，环保属于政治的范畴，贸易则是经济的范畴。然而，正如政治与经济密不可分一样，环保与贸易其实也是紧密联系在一起的。贸易的增长会推动经济的增长，而经济的增长又势必会对自然生态、资源利用和环境质量产生必然的正负效应。如何处理好两者之间的互动已逐渐成为国际间重要的议题。关税与贸易总协定副总干事曾说，国际贸易政策与环境政策的关系问题可能是“20世纪90年代占第一位的问题”。虽然已经结束的乌拉圭回合并未专门讨论与贸易有关的环境问题。
It has always seemed that there is not much direct link between environmental protection and trade, that environmental protection is a political category and that trade is a category of economy. However, just as politics and economy are inseparably linked, environmental protection and trade are actually closely linked. Trade growth will promote economic growth, and economic growth is bound to have the necessary positive and negative effects on natural ecology, resource utilization and environmental quality. How to handle the interaction between the two has gradually become an important international issue. The Deputy Director General of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade once said that the issue of the relationship between international trade policy and environmental policy may be “the number one issue in the 1990s.” Although the Uruguay Round that has ended does not specifically address trade-related environmental issues.