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机床轴沿轴向运动的直线度是最重要的性能指标．描述了不同的直线度测量方法(直尺法、钢丝绳法、激光干涉仪法、局部垂直度测量及球板和球杆法等),并讨论了这些方法对测量移动长度超过2 000 mm的机床的适用性．详细叙述了无重叠的球板拼接,估计了测量的不确定度,测量结果不确定度U为3．4μm(因子k=2)．给出了减小主要影响测量不确定度,也就是影响机床轴重复性的主要因素的一些可能性。示出了500 mm×500 mm球板拼接测量,并且和轴向移动量900 mm的比较仪进行了比对,两种测量结果的偏差小于0．6μm．因此不会超出原有的测量不确定度范围．球板拼接法也可应用于大距离移动中的垂直度测量．无论是利用垂直平面进行测量或者用近来引进的精密三维机床检测,无重叠的球板拼接均可用于水平和垂直的直线度测量,还可用于定位、倾斜、俯视及偏转等方面的测量．
The straightness of the machine tool shaft in the axial direction is the most important performance index. Describes different methods of straightness measurement (ruler method, wire rope method, laser interferometer method, local verticality measurement and ball plate and club method, etc.) and discusses the use of these methods for measuring machine tools with moving lengths of more than 2 000 mm Applicability. Described in detail the non-overlapping splicing plate, estimated the uncertainty of the measurement, measurement uncertainty U is 3.4μm (factor k = 2). Some of the possibilities of reducing the main influence on the measurement uncertainty, which is the main factor influencing the machine axis repeatability, are given. A 500 mm × 500 mm splicing measurement is shown and compared to a comparator with an axial displacement of 900 mm, with a deviation of less than 0.6 μm for both measurements. So will not exceed the original range of measurement uncertainty. Splice method can also be applied to the measurement of the verticality in large distance movement. Whether measuring with a vertical plane or with the recent introduction of precision three-dimensional machine tools, non-overlapping splicing can be used for both horizontal and vertical straightness measurements as well as for positioning, tilting, overlooking and deflecting measurements.