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随着实行高校扩招,我国近年出现过度教育现象,一些高学历劳动者从事与其教育水平不相符的工作。合理配置有限的教育资源对于发展中的中国显得尤为重要。本文利用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,对2004年和2006年我国劳动者过度教育与教育不足的发生率进行了估计,通过对参照标准的修正发现,过度教育不但没有减轻,反而有加重的倾向。论文发现女性群体、城市劳动者以及国有部门劳动者发生过度教育的比例较高,但控制住其他因素,Probit模型显示次要劳动力市场上劳动者发生过度教育的可能性更高,反映了劳动力市场分割的影响。通过ORU模型对教育的收益率进行估算,发现过度教育的收益率小于适度教育的收益率,表明过度教育会使个人遭受收入上的损失。论文强调完善劳动力市场是减少过度教育的重要途径。
With the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities, over-education in China has emerged in recent years. Some highly-educated workers are engaged in work that is incompatible with their educational level. The rational allocation of limited educational resources is of particular importance to developing China. Based on CHNS data, this paper estimates the incidence of over-education and under-education among laborers in China in 2004 and 2006. By amending the reference standards, we found that over-education not only did not reduce but increased Propensity. The paper finds that women, urban laborers and state-owned labors are over-educated, but other factors are under control. The Probit model shows that laborers in the secondary labor market are more likely to over-educate, reflecting the fact that the labor market The impact of segmentation. By ORU model to estimate the rate of return on education, it is found that the rate of return on over-education is less than the rate of return on moderate education, indicating that over-education can cause individuals to suffer loss of income. The paper emphasizes that perfecting the labor market is an important way to reduce over-education.