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最近,国际上超导研究竞争十分激烈。中国的超导研究处于世界前列,为国内外普遍关注。 竞争的序幕 超导是指某些导电材料在一定条件下电阻完全消失的一种现象。1911年荷兰科学家卡·翁内斯在液氦温度(4.2K,相当于-269℃)条件下测量水银的电阻时,发现了这一现象。但液氦的温度条件太苛刻,限制了超导技术的使用。此后,人们一直在寻找较高转变温度的超导体,但进程缓慢。60年代发现的铌锡化合物,只有18K,1973年发现的铌锗化合物,突破了液氢温区(20K),达到23.2K。以后各国虽然都在不停地探索,但真正取得重大突破是在1986年。
Recently, the international superconducting research competition is fierce. Superconductivity research in China is at the forefront of the world and has drawn widespread attention both at home and abroad. The prelude to competition Superconductivity is the phenomenon that certain conductive materials completely disappear under certain conditions. In 1911, Dutch scientist Kevin Wanes discovered this phenomenon when measuring mercury resistance at a liquid helium temperature (4.2 K, equivalent to -269 ° C). However, the liquid helium temperature conditions are too harsh, limiting the use of superconducting technology. Since then, people have been looking for higher transition temperature of superconductors, but the process is slow. The niobium-tin compounds discovered in the 1960s were only 18K. The niobium-germanium compounds discovered in 1973 broke through the liquid hydrogen temperature zone (20K) to reach 23.2K. After all countries are constantly exploring, but the real major breakthrough was made in 1986.