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本文研究了光滑试样单轴拉伸变形过程,给出了建立真实应力应变图的半解析方法,结合应变强化理论对颈缩的产生和发展进行了一定分析。研究认为在颈缩前的均匀变形阶段和颈缩后的集中变形阶段,试样截面直径 d 与伸长量Δl 之间分别符合关系 d~2=l_od_0~2/(l_o+Δl)和 d~2=A(Δl)~2+B(Δl)+C。式中d_o,l_o 为试样原始尺寸,A,B,C 为常数,可根据拉伸曲线和试样尺寸确定。文中对上述关系进行了实验验证,应用上述关系建立的真实应力应变图与实测结果符合得比较满意。文中还结合用双曲线描述颈缩轮廓的模型及其产生较大误差的原因进行了讨论,并与本实验的结果进行了对比分析。
In this paper, the uniaxial tensile deformation of smooth specimens is studied, and the semi-analytical method of establishing real stress-strain diagrams is given. The generation and development of necking are analyzed with the theory of strain hardening. It is considered that the relationship between the cross-section diameter d and the elongation Δl is in accordance with the relationship of d ~ 2 = l_od 0 ~ 2 / (l_o + Δl) and d ~ 2 = A (Δl) ~ 2 + B (Δl) + C. Where d_o, l_o for the original size of the sample, A, B, C is a constant, according to the tensile curve and sample size to determine. In the paper, the above relationship is verified experimentally, and the true stress-strain map established by applying the above relationship is in good agreement with the measured results. In this paper, the hyperbolic model describing necking profile and the reasons for its large error are discussed in this paper, and the results of this experiment are compared with each other.