公社是古代社会研究中经常使用的一个概念 ,通常都将土地公有制作为其基本特征 ,视为原始社会组织形式或其遗存。全面深入地研究马克思、恩格斯关于前资本主义公社的系统论述 ,显然可见 ,前述观点并不正确。内部自成系统、自我调节、作为整体与外部社会发生经济及社会关系 ,这才是前资本主义公社的基本特征 Commune is a concept often used in the study of ancient society. Generally speaking, public ownership of land is regarded as the basic feature of original social organization or its remains. A comprehensive and in-depth study of Marx and Engels’s systematic discourse on the pre-capitalist communes clearly shows that the foregoing point of view is not correct. Internal self-regulation, self-regulation, and economic and social relations with external society as a whole are the basic characteristics of the pre-capitalist communes