本文提出了一种新的测量方法,这种方法可以有效地分离仪器的制造误差和调整误差,使得在低制造精度的仪器上可以得到高精度的测量结果。基于该方法,研制成了“多项几何量指标的简易三坐标电脑量仪”,可测量轴类零件的圆度、圆柱度、作用尺寸等十几项几何量指标,并可按最小条件等多种方法进行评定,其综合测量误差小于1μm。文中详细介绍了测量原理和算法,并进行了误差分析。 This paper presents a new measurement method, which can effectively separate the manufacturing error and the adjustment error of the instrument, so that high-precision measurement results can be obtained on the instrument with low manufacturing accuracy. Based on this method, a simple “three-coordinate computer measuring instrument with multiple geometric quantity indexes” was developed, which can measure more than a dozen geometric indexes, such as roundness, cylindricity and acting size of shaft parts, and can be measured according to minimum conditions A variety of methods for evaluation, the integrated measurement error is less than 1μm. The paper introduces the measurement principle and algorithm in detail, and carries on the error analysis.