胎儿娩出的通道称为产道。由骨骼组成的称骨产道,由纤维和肌肉组成的称软产道。软产道包括会阴、阴道、子宫等器官,分娩过程中如处理不当,会造成严重损伤。如软产道异常,可阻碍分娩,甚至危及母婴安全,或产后留下各种病变。如子宫脱垂,阴道膨出,尿失禁及泌尿生殖道瘘等。因此,应当加强产前检查,严密观查产程,必要时采取手术措施,恰当地处理软产道性难产,以提高接产质量,降低围产儿死亡率和障碍儿的发生率。一、外阴引起的难产 1.会阴坚韧。多见于高龄初产妇,会阴体及盆底软组织缺乏弹性,分娩时扩张受限,胎先露被坚硬 Fetal delivery channel called the birth canal. Bone composed of bone called the birth canal, composed of fibers and muscles called the soft birth canal. Soft birth canal includes the perineum, vagina, uterus and other organs, such as improper handling during delivery can cause serious damage. Such as soft birth canal abnormalities can hinder childbirth, and even endanger the safety of mothers and children, or leave a variety of postpartum lesions. Such as uterine prolapse, vaginal bulging, urinary incontinence and urogenital fistula. Therefore, we should strengthen prenatal care, close observation of labor process, if necessary, take surgical measures to properly handle the soft birth obstruction in order to improve the quality of delivery and reduce perinatal mortality and the incidence of children with disabilities. First, the vulva caused by dystocia 1. Perineal tenacity. More common in advanced age primipara, perineal and pelvic floor soft tissue lack of flexibility, limited expansion during childbirth, fetal first revealed to be hard