教育的第一步就是让学生掌握正确的科学本质观,作为科学素养重要组成部分的科学本质观近年来受到了国内外教育界的高度重视.文章采用课堂观察的对比研究方法,来分析不同科学本质观指导下的中国、澳大利亚两国的课堂特色以及对今后教学的启示,促进两国教育共同进步与发展. The first step of education is to enable students to grasp the correct concept of the nature of science, as an important part of scientific literacy, the concept of nature of science has been highly valued by the education circles at home and abroad in recent years.This article uses the comparative study of classroom observation to analyze different science Under the guidance of the concept of nature, the classroom characteristics of China and Australia and their enlightenment on future teaching promote the common progress and development of education between the two countries.