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目的了解沧州市城市及农村中小学生健康状况,为开展中小学生常见疾病防治工作提供依据。方法在沧州市辖区内采取整群抽样方法,抽取中小学在校生5 016名进行体检,对检查结果进行分析,计算中小学生视力低下、龋齿、营养不良、超重和肥胖的现患率,并比较不同特征组间各指标检出率的差别。结果沧州市中小学生视力低下、龋齿患病率分别为62.6%、12.7%,营养不良、超重和肥胖率分别为7.4%、11.3%和14.7%。高中学生视力低下检出率最高(76.1%),而小学阶段学生的龋齿检出率最高(14.9%),超重以初中学生最多(13.7%),肥胖检出率在小学生中比例最高(20.6%)。结论视力低下、龋齿、营养不良、超重和肥胖仍是当前学校卫生工作要解决的主要问题,其防治工作应根据不同年龄、性别、城乡、教育阶段有所侧重。
Objective To understand the health status of primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas of Cangzhou and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of common diseases among primary and secondary school students. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted in Cangzhou municipality. A total of 5 016 primary and secondary school students were sampled for physical examination. The examination results were analyzed. The prevalence rates of poor eyesight, dental caries, malnutrition, overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students were calculated and compared with each other The difference between the detection rate of each index among the characteristic groups. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 62.6% and 12.7% in primary and secondary school students in Cangzhou City, respectively. Malnutrition, overweight and obesity rates were 7.4%, 11.3% and 14.7% respectively. The detection rate of high school students was the highest (76.1%), while the detection rate of primary caries was the highest (14.9%) in elementary school, the highest was middle school students (13.7%), and the highest was the rate of obesity (20.6% ). Conclusions Low vision, dental caries, malnutrition, overweight and obesity are still the main problems to be solved in current school hygiene work. Their prevention and treatment work should be given priority according to different age, gender, urban and rural areas, and educational stages.