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目的:研究成人枢椎解剖学变异的发生情况,为临床诊治提供解剖形态学基础。方法:对100例成人干燥枢椎骨骼标本的解剖学变异,如齿突偏歪、棘突轴线偏歪、棘突分叉情况等指标进行观测并测量横突尖至下关节面前缘距离。结果:100例枢椎标本齿突偏歪者14例(14%)、棘突轴线偏歪者3例(3%)、棘突分叉者96例(96%),其中棘突分叉左右两侧相等者56例(56%)、左侧长于右侧者21例(21%)、右侧长于左侧者19例(19%),横突尖至下关节面距离,左侧(17.39±2.53)mm、右侧(17.35±2.51)mm。结论:枢椎的解剖学变异较为常见,临床触诊及X线检查时应考虑到其解剖学变异及特点等因素。
Objective: To study the occurrence of anatomical variation in adult axis and provide anatomical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Anatomical variations of 100 adult dry axial skeletal specimens were observed, such as deformity of odontoid process, deviation of spinous process axis and bifurcation of spinous process, and the distance from the tip of transverse process to the front of inferior articular surface was measured. Results: Fourteen cases (14%) had eccentric deformity in 100 cases of axial deformity, three cases (3%) had lateral axis of spinous process, 96 cases (96%) had spinous process dislocation, There were 56 cases (56%) with equal on both sides, 21 cases (21%) of the left side longer than the right side and 19 cases (19%) of the right side longer than the left side. The distance between the transverse processus crest and the inferior articular surface was 17.39 ± 2.53) mm, right (17.35 ± 2.51) mm. Conclusion: Anatomic variation of the axis is common. Factors such as anatomic variation and characteristics should be taken into account in clinical palpation and X-ray examination.