目的调查深圳市儿童血铅水平,探讨儿童铅中毒的危险因素,为制定积极有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法以某院儿童保健科常规体检儿童作为研究对象,采集儿童静脉血,用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅值,分析血铅水平与儿童年龄、性别的关系,并对儿童家长进行问卷调查,对儿童铅中毒相关因素进行条件Logistic回归变量筛选。结果 16076名儿童血铅浓度平均值为(41.22±25.93)μg/L,铅中毒儿童共264例,总检出率为1.64%,男童血铅水平明显高于女童(P﹤0.01),0～6岁儿童血铅浓度及铅中毒率随着年龄增长呈明显增高趋势,6岁以后维持在一个相对稳定水平。导致儿童铅中毒的主要危险因素有吮吸手指、啃咬异物,常吃松花蛋、爆米花等膨化食品及居住在加油站附近,经常进食肉蛋奶类或补充锌钙铁剂类为保护因素。结论深圳儿童血铅水平低于中国其他城市,但高于美国等发达国家。不良的生活和饮食习惯及外界环境的污染是儿童铅中毒的主要危险因素。现阶段对儿童进行健康教育,养成良好的卫生行为习惯,调整营养膳食是减少儿童铅中毒的最有效和经济实用的方法。 Objective To investigate the level of blood lead in children in Shenzhen and explore the risk factors of lead poisoning in children so as to provide a scientific basis for making active and effective intervention measures. Methods A routine examination of children in a hospital child health department was taken as the research object. Blood samples were collected from children, blood lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, the relationship between blood lead level and age and sex of children were analyzed. Questionnaires were also made for children’s parents, Factors related to lead poisoning were selected by conditional Logistic regression. Results The average blood lead level was (41.22 ± 25.93) μg / L in 16076 children and 264 children in lead poisoning, the total detection rate was 1.64%. The blood lead level in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (P0.01) Blood lead levels and lead poisoning rates in children aged 6 to 6 years increased significantly with age, and remained relatively stable after 6 years of age. Lead to lead poisoning in children are the main risk factors are sucking fingers, chewing foreign body, eat puffed eggs, popcorn and other puffed food and living near the gas station, often eating meat and eggs or zinc and calcium supplements as a protective factor. Conclusion Shenzhen children’s blood lead level is lower than other cities in China, but higher than the United States and other developed countries. Poor living and eating habits and pollution of the external environment are the major risk factors for childhood lead poisoning. At this stage of health education for children to develop good habits of health behavior, nutrition diet is to reduce children’s lead poisoning the most effective and economical method.