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由于高压容器的事故是灾难性的,所以在设计压力容器时首要的是使容器具有安全失效或称为“裂前先漏”的性质。因此常采用复合式或绕丝式的容器,使厚壁容器具有安全失效的性能。此外,对容器的设计、选材及检查均须作细致的要求。 实践表明,按弹性理论设计已不适用于作超高压容器失效的判据,而用断裂力学原则设计却显示与实际结果一致。通常在计算中,以容器的低周疲劳寿命代替原持久寿命。 鉴于容器的屈服强度过高会导致材料断裂韧性大幅度地降低,故容器用钢应具备有充分的韧性和强度综合性能,为此,须检查材料的(K_(IC)/σ_s)~2的下限值。 文中对于定期检查以确保安全的问题,也作了论述。
As the accident of high-pressure vessel is disastrous, it is of prime importance in the design of the pressure vessel to have the vessel fail safely or be called “pre-splitting first”. Therefore, composite or wire wound containers are often used to make thick-walled containers fail safely. In addition, the container design, selection and inspection must be meticulous requirements. The practice shows that the design based on elastic theory is not suitable for the criterion of failure of UHV vessels. The principle of fracture mechanics shows that it is consistent with the actual results. Usually in the calculation, the container’s low cycle fatigue life instead of the original long-term life. In view of the container yield strength is too high will lead to material fracture toughness significantly reduced, so the container steel should have sufficient toughness and strength of the overall performance, to be checked for the material (K_ (IC) / σ_s) ~ 2 lower limit. The article for periodic inspection to ensure the safety of the issue, but also made a discussion.