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自19世纪末以来,逆冲断层的机制一直受到地质学家的重视。Cadell(1890)和 Willis(1893)的最初的研究工作侧重模拟在苏格兰高原和阿巴拉契亚山脉观察到的构造,实验所用的变形层材料为泥巴、塑料和沙。研究人员看到,沉积层内逆断层的形成某种程度上与岩层的强度差异有关。Rieh(1934)的研究发表前,还没有一致的理论说明岩石流变性与逆冲断层几何形状的关系。Rich 认出派恩山脉逆冲断层呈阶梯状,这过去被认为是卷曲断层面。Rieh 提出,逆冲断层在破裂刚发生时形成于软弱页岩层。上覆岩体发生滑动直到摩擦阻抗大
The mechanism of thrust faults has been valued by geologists since the late 19th century. Initial research efforts by Cadell (1890) and Willis (1893) focused on simulating the structures observed in the Scottish Plateau and the Appalachian Mountains. The deformation layer materials used for the experiments were mud, plastic and sand. The researchers saw that the formation of reverse faults in the sediments is somewhat related to the difference in rock strength. Before Rieh’s (1934) study was published, there was no consistent theory that illustrates the relationship between rock rheology and thrust fault geometry. Rich identified the Pine Mountain thrust thrust as a staircase, previously thought to be a crimp fault. Rieh proposed that the thrust fault formed in the weak shale just after the rupture occurred. Overlying rock slides until the frictional resistance is large