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在世界很多民族当中都流行着有关“弃老”的习俗传说,以之为题材广泛流传于民间的弃老型故事也不计其数。在社会生产力低下、生存资源匮乏的现实之下,逐渐丧失劳动力和生产力的老人被当作累赘而抛弃的习俗,虽说是迫于生存的压力,但也的确是未开化社会的人们伦理道德缺失的表现。后世人以弃老风俗为题材创作了许多弃老型的故事,希望借之教化民众从而建立“父慈子孝”的伦理秩序。笔者通过对日本弃老型故事的考查,发现日本弃老型故事大多是“姥捨て(即弃母)”类型的,因此笔者想要深入探究日本弃老型故事为何多是“弃母”而不是“弃父”这一问题。本文对“弃老”问题的研究不是出于民俗学考证的角度,而是通过对记载着“弃老型故事”的文献进行考查,着手分析日本弃老型故事中的性别问题。
Among the many ethnic groups in the world, there are popular legends about “abandoning the old” and numerous abandoned old stories that have been widely circulated as folk themed. Under the reality of low social productivity and lack of living resources, the gradual loss of labor and productivity of the elderly are regarded as burdensome and discarded customs. Although they are forced by the pressure of existence, they are indeed ethically deficient people in the uncivilized society which performed. After the world abandoned the old customs as the theme of creating many abandoned the old story, hoping to enlighten the public in order to establish the “father and son filial piety” ethical order. Through the examination of the old stories abandoned by Japan, I found that most of the old stories abandoned by Japan were of the type “Grandma House”, so I would like to explore in depth why Japan abandoned the old stories Mother “rather than” abandoned father “issue. This study of ”abandoning the old“ is not based on the research of folklore, but examines the literature of ”abandoning old stories" and analyzes the gender issues in Japan’s abandonment of old stories .