一、引言能源、材料和信息是现代社会发展的三大支柱,其中能源是人类社会文明进步的先决条件,是经济和社会发展的最基本的物质基础。一个国家的工业化,实质上是以消耗能源机器替代人工劳动的过程。随着经济经济的不断发展,中国的能源需求关系发生了很大变化,从供不应求逐渐发展 I. INTRODUCTION Energy, materials and information are the three pillars of the development of modern society. Among them, energy is the prerequisite for the progress of civilization in human society and the most basic material basis for economic and social development. The industrialization of a country is essentially a process of replacing artificial labor with energy-consuming machines. With the continuous economic and economic development, China’s energy demand has undergone great changes, from the gradual development in short supply