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【目的】通过对湖南省桑植县40岁以上人群膝关节骨性关节炎（knee osteoarthritis ，KOA）的发病原因进行流行病学调查，分析其相关致病危险因素，为当地K O A的防治提供科学依据。【方法】于2012年12月9日对湖南省桑植县22个人口分布较集中的乡镇40岁以上的1296人进行KOA的流行病学调查，调查内容包括：①姓名、性别、年龄、民族、饮食习惯等。②病程、病变部位、膝关节局部症状等。③专科检查：压痛部位、浮髌试验等。由经培训的医务人员对调查对象采取问卷方式进行调查。对所得数据进行卡方检验、单因素二分类logistic回归分析，应用多因素二分类logistic回归分析对全部因素进行筛查以寻找出危险因素。【结果】桑植县40岁以上人群KOA的患病率为25．2％，男、女患病率间无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）。80～89岁年龄段患病率最高为37．5％，40～49岁为12．1％。汉族患病率最高为31．7％，苗族患病率最低为11．5％。腊制饮食为主者患病率为35．1％，辛辣饮食为主者45．1％。【结论】该地区60～69岁是KOA的高发年龄段。40岁以上随年龄增长、民族、腊制、辛辣饮食习惯普遍者是KOA患病主要的危险因素。“,”[Objective] To analyze the related risk factors and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment for local knee osteoarthritis(KOA) in patients through the epidemiological investigation of people over 40 years old with KOA in Sangzhi county of Hunan province .[Methods]Epidemiological investigation of KOA of 1296 people over 40 years old in 22 townships(concentrated population distribution) of Sangzhi county from Dec .9th 2012 were taken .The survey included name ,gender ,age ,ethnics ,diet habits ,course ,lesion location ,partial knee symptoms and special examinations such as tenderness place and floating patella test .The subjects were investigated by the trained medical staff through the questionnaire .All data was analyzed by chi-square test and univariate binary logistic regression analysis .Multivariate bi-nary logistic regression analysis was used to screen all the factors so as to find out the risk factors .[Results] The preva-lence rate of KOA in people over 40 years old was 25 .2% .There was no significant difference in the prevalence between male persons and female people ( P > 0 .05) .The prevalence rate in people aged 80 ~ 89 years old was the highest (37 .5% ) ,and that in people aged 40~49 year old was 12 .1% .The prevalence rate of Han nationality was the highest (31 .7% ) ,while that of Miao nationality was the lowest (11 .5% ) .The prevalence rate of wax diet was 35 .1% ,while that of spicy diet was 45 .1% .[Conclusion] People aged 60~69 years old in the region has the high incidence of KOA . Aging ,nationality ,wax and spicy diet are major risk factors of KOA .