目的　重新评估炭疽芽孢杆菌传统鉴定指征对确定具有致病能力的炭疽芽孢杆菌的意义。方法　采用常规的细菌学方法和PCR扩增毒力基因检测 ,并根据是否具有毒力基因 ,比较传统鉴别指征的表现差异。结果　菌落形态 ,溶血与动力阴性 ,是与毒力基因存在相关的最重要特征。结论　在判断炭疽芽孢杆菌对人与环境的危害时 ,首先应确定是否存在致病性决定基因。在无条件进行这种检测时 ,数种传统的鉴别方法具有一定的参考价值 Objective To reassess the significance of Bacillus anthracis traditional identification to determine the pathogenic Bacillus anthracis. Methods The routine bacteriological methods and PCR amplification of virulence genes were used. According to whether virulence genes were present or not, the differences of traditional indications were compared. Results The colony morphology, hemolysis and motility negative were the most important characteristics related to the existence of virulence genes. Conclusion In judging the harm of Bacillus anthracis to humans and the environment, we should first determine whether there is a virulence-determining gene. In the unconditional testing, several traditional methods of identification have a certain reference value