按照西方制度经济学的观点,人与人之间为着利益目的而展开的各种相互关系,都可以称之为交易。康芒斯在其《制度经济学》中,将”交易“划分为三种基本类型:第一种为商品买卖的交易,即平等人之间的交换关系。这是一种最典型的交易行为。第二种是管理的交易,即上下级的交换关系,比如公司经理与职员的管理和被管理关系。第三种是限额的交易,主要指政府与居民之间的关系,比如国家对居民征税,居民从国家那里获得安全保 According to the perspective of western institutional economics, the interrelationships between people for the purpose of profit can be called transactions. Commons in its “Institutional Economics”, the “transaction” is divided into three basic types: The first is the sale of commodities trading, that is, the exchange between equal persons. This is one of the most typical trading activities. The second is the management of the transaction, that is, the exchange of subordinate relations, such as company managers and staff management and management relations. The third is the quota trading, mainly refers to the relationship between the government and residents, such as the state tax on residents, residents get security from the country