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目的 探讨预防乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV )父婴传播 (P FT)的方法。方法 选取 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月 3 1例孕妇丈夫血清HBVDNA(+ )、孕妇无HBV感染的病例 ,孕前以乙肝疫苗 (HBVac)免疫至抗 HBs(+ )后再妊娠 ,自孕 2 0周起 ,每 4周肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白 (HBIG ) 2 0 0IU至产前 (观察组 )。另筛选入院时发现孕妇无HBV感染 (乙肝两对半各指标全阴性 ) ,而丈夫血清HBVDNA (+ )的 2 6例夫妇作对照组 ,两组病例产时均取脐带血查HBVDNA ,及抗 HBs ,观察两组新生儿HBV感染率及抗 HBs(+ )率。结果 观察组新生儿HBV感染率为 16 13 % (5/3 1) ,而对照组感染率为 42 3 1% (11/2 6) ;观察组新生儿抗 HBs(+ )率为 54 84% (17/3 1) ,对照组为 0 (0 /2 6)。观察组的HBV感染率显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。结论 孕前肌注乙肝HBVac、孕期肌注HBIG可有效预防HBV的P FT。
Objective To explore a method to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from the infant to the infant (P FT). Methods Serum HBVDNA (+) was detected in 31 pregnant women from January 1996 to December 2002 with no HBV infection in pregnant women. After pregnancy, the pregnant women were immunized with anti-HBs (+) and then immunized with hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) From 20 weeks of pregnancy, intramuscular injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) 2000 IU to prenatal (observation group) every 4 weeks. Another screening found that pregnant women without HBV infection (hepatitis B two and a half of all indicators negative), while the husband serum HBVDNA (+) of 26 couples for the control group, both groups were taken when umbilical cord blood HBVDNA production, and anti HBs, observed two groups of newborns HBV infection rate and anti-HBs (+) rate. Results The neonatal HBV infection rate in the observation group was 16 13% (5/3 1), while that in the control group was 42 3 1% (11/2 6). The neonatal anti-HBs (+) rate in the observation group was 54 84% (17/3 1), the control group was 0 (0/2 6). The HBV infection rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of hepatitis B HBVac before pregnancy, intramuscular injection of HBIG during pregnancy can effectively prevent HBV P FT.