The question of a mathematical representation and theoretical overcoming by optimised therapeutic strategies of drug-induced drug resistance in cancer cell pop-ulations is tackled here from the point of view of adaptive dynamics and optimal pop-ulation growth control, using integro-differential equations. Combined impacts of ex-tal continuous-time functions, standing for drug actions, on targets in a plastic (i.e., able to quickly change its phenotype in deadly environmental conditions) cell popu-lation model, represent a therapeutical control to be optimised. A justification for the introduction of the adaptive dynamics setting, retaining such plasticity for cancer cell populations, is firstly presented in light of the evolution of multicellular species and disruptions in multicellularity coherence that are characteristics of cancer and of its progression. Finally, open general questions on cancer and evolution in the Darwinian sense are listed, that may open innovative tracks in modelling and treating cancer by circumventing drug resistance. This study sums up results that were presented at the intational NUMACH workshop, Mulhouse, France, in July 2018.