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本文概述IMO公约、规则、决议、通函和建议案的性质和特点,列出作为SOLAS之一部分的18项规则和5项决议,它们具有与SOLAS相同的性质和特点。IMO公约一旦生效,即具有强制性(对各该公约的缔约国而言),IMO通函和建议案的推荐性也相当明确,而IMO规则和决议的强制性值得探讨。一般而言,IMO规则和决议为推荐性,但在两种情况下其为强制性:被船旗国或某船舶采用;作为IMO公约(目前主要是SOLAS)之一部分。本文还着重探讨作为SOLAS之一部分的强制性规则和决议所具有的特征:强制性规则和决议须在SOLAS附则有关章条中明确引用;强制性规则和决议具有生效日期等强制性文件的特征。
This article outlines the nature and characteristics of the IMO conventions, rules, resolutions, circulars and recommendations, lists 18 rules and 5 resolutions that are part of SOLAS and have the same nature and characteristics as SOLAS. IMO conventions, once in force, are mandatory (for each of the signatories to the convention), the IMO circular and the recommendation of the proposal is quite clear, and IMO rules and resolutions mandatory. In general, IMO rules and resolutions are recommended but are mandatory in two cases: by the flag State or a ship; as part of the IMO convention (currently mainly SOLAS). This article also focuses on the features of mandatory rules and resolutions that are part of SOLAS: Mandatory rules and resolutions must be clearly quoted in the relevant SOLAS chapter; Mandatory rules and resolutions have characteristics such as mandatory documents.