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沃尔夫刚·卡舒巴的《欧洲民族学导论》一书的预设读者群为民俗学以及相关学科的大学生和研究人员。尽管在结构上该书由三大部分即“学科史”、“学科的基本概念和理论”、“方法与研究领域”组成,但在行文中,作者巧妙地将对学科理论发展的梳理与对学科发展史的关照进行穿插映照。可以说,作者成功地避免了一般理论教科书的枯燥乏味与学科史中通常所见的厚重和繁冗。本文节译自该书第一部分的第四章“发展:民俗学作为社会科学?”第二次世界大战结束的1945年,是德国政治和社会生活中的一个根本性的转折点。曾经以关注古老风俗和民众精神生活为己任的德国民俗学,将以怎样的姿态来面对战后的思想反思和社会重建?民俗学如何以此为契机,为自身的学术发展开疆扩土?在学科内部,应运而生的是关于“民俗主义”的争论和探讨。本文可以帮助我们更好地理解,在特定的历史背景下出现的“民俗主义”讨论在德国民俗学的发展中曾经担负过的承上启下的作用。
Wolfgang Kaksoba’s “European Introduction to Ethnology,” a book readers of folklore and related disciplines of college students and researchers. Although the book is composed of three major parts, namely “history of the discipline”, “basic concepts and theories of the discipline”, and “methods and research fields” in structure, in the context of the text, the author ingeniously sorted out the development of the discipline theory and Discipline of the history of the development of interspersed reflected. It can be said that the author succeeded in avoiding the tedium of general theoretical textbooks and the heavyness and redundancy often found in academic history. This section is translated from Chapter 4 “Development: Folklore as a Social Science?” In the first part of the book. 1945, the end of the Second World War, was a fundamental turning point in Germany’s political and social life. How can the German folklore, once regarded as a matter of concern for the ancient customs and popular spiritual life, confront ideological reflections and social reconstruction after the war? How can folklore take this as an opportunity to expand its own academic development? Within the discipline, what came into being is the debate and discussion on “folklore.” This article helps us to understand better that the “folklore” that emerges in a particular historical context discusses the role that once played in the development of German folklore.