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颅腔内液体被各类屏障分隔成四部分:血管内液、脑脊液、细胞外液和细胞内液。不同病因可分别使脑实质细胞内及细胞外各自、先后或同时聚积过量液体,形成不同类型的脑水肿。各型脑水肿的命名反映了对其基本发生机理的初步认识。由于血脑屏障功能障碍和室管膜通透性增高,分别使血管内液和脑脊液渗入脑实质的细胞外间隙所形成的细胞外水肿,被分别命名为血管源性脑水肿和间质性脑水肿。
Intracranial fluid is divided into various types of barrier into four parts: intravascular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid. Different causes can make the brain parenchyma cells and extracellular, respectively, or at the same time accumulation of excess fluid, the formation of different types of brain edema. The naming of various types of cerebral edema reflects the initial understanding of its basic mechanism. Due to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and increased ependyme of the ependyma, extracellular edema formed by the infiltration of the intravascular fluid and the cerebrospinal fluid into the extracellular space of the parenchyma, respectively, has been named vasogenic brain edema and interstitial cerebral edema, respectively .