例1:女,46岁。入院前3年出现一过性无痛血尿3次。2年前自觉上腹钝痛,无意中发现一鸡蛋大肿块。入院前半月肿块增大迅速且腹痛加剧。既往体健,无嗜好。体检:贫血貌,全身浮肿,右中上腹部膨隆,触及婴儿头大肿块,呈囊性感,表面光滑,固定,轻触痛,右肾区触痛及叩击痛。血红蛋白65g/L, Example 1: Female, 46 years old. 3 years before admission, a transient painless hematuria 3 times. 2 years ago consciously abdominal dull pain, accidentally found a large egg mass. Half a month before admission, the mass increased rapidly and abdominal pain intensified. Past physical health, no hobbies. Physical examination: anemia appearance, body edema, right middle and upper abdomen bulging, touches the baby head large mass, was cystic sexy, smooth surface, fixed, touch the pain, right kidney area tenderness and percussion pain. Hemoglobin 65g / L,