综述了高能喷丸、超声表面强化、超音速微粒轰击和激光冲击改性等表面纳米化技术的研究现状。表面纳米化在提高硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性、疲劳性和扩散性能等方面具有积极作用。最后提出钢材表面纳米化技术发展中需注意的问题。 The research status of surface nanocrystallization technology such as high energy shot peening, ultrasonic surface strengthening, supersonic particle bombardment and laser impact modification are reviewed. Nanocrystallization in the increase of hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue and diffusion performance has a positive effect. Finally, the problems that should be paid attention to in the development of nano-technology of steel surface are proposed.