伊斯米尔·里德通过戏仿美国传统西部小说 ,借用伏都教的“调和性”和“共时”时间观 ,对小说这一体裁进行颠覆。作品中“四不像”的人物勾勒、“旁经式的历史”的挖掘和“时代错误”的运用 ,既解构了传统小说的人物塑造和叙事手法 ,又嘲弄资本主义制度下民主和自由的理念。里德的幻想表明 ,当代美国必须摆脱西方形而上学的桎梏 ,提倡一种多元文化并存、真正自由宽泛的人文精神。 Ismir Reed subverts the genre of fiction by imitating the traditional Western novels of the United States and borrowing Voodoo “harmony” and “synchronicity” time concepts. The sketches of “four novels” in the works, the excavation of “bystander’s history” and the application of “the error of the times” not only deconstruct the characterization and narrative techniques of the traditional novels, but also mock the idea of ​​democracy and freedom under the capitalist system. Reid’s illusions show that the contemporary United States must get rid of the shackles of Western metaphysics and advocate a coexistence of pluralistic cultures with a truly liberal and broad humanistic spirit.